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Research Publication

Inequality at the Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Case of Başur Höyük, a ‘Royal’ Cemetery at the Margins of the Mesopotamian World

David Wengrow, Brenna Hassett, Haluk Sağlamtimur et al.

11 Authors
2025-03-17 Published
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Chapter I

Publication Details

Comprehensive information about this research publication

Authors

DW
David Wengrow
BH
Brenna Hassett
HS
Haluk Sağlamtimur
WM
William Marsh
SB
Selina Brace
SE
Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch
EL
Emma L. Baysal
MB
Metin Batıhan
İA
İnan Aydoğan
ÖÖ
Öznur Özmen Batıhan
IB
Ian Barnes
Chapter II

Abstract

Summary of the research findings

On the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates, archaeologists encounter evidence that challenges conventional understandings of early state formation as a transition from ‘small-scale, egalitarian’ to ‘large-scale, stratified’ societies. One such location is the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Başur Höyük, which presents evidence of grand funerary rituals—including ‘retainer burials’ and spectacular deposits of metallic wealth—in an otherwise small-scale, egalitarian setting. A further, puzzling feature of this cemetery is the preponderance of teenagers in the richest tombs. Here we describe the combined results of archaeological and anthropological analysis at Başur Höyük, including ancient DNA, and consider the challenges they pose to traditional accounts of early state formation.

Chapter III

Analysis

Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings

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Summary

Key Findings

Ancestry Insights

Traits Analysis

Historical Context

Scientific Assessment