Paratyphoid Fever and Relapsing Fever in 1812 Napoleon’s Devastated Army
Rémi Barbieri, Julien Fumey, Helja Kabral et al.
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Abstract
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Using ancient DNA from the teeth of 13 soldiers exhumed in Vilnius, Lithuania, the authors detected Salmonella enterica (Paratyphi C lineage) and Borrelia recurrentis, indicating presence of paratyphoid fever and louse-borne relapsing fever among members of Napoleon’s Grande Armée during the 1812 retreat. The study did not authenticate reads for Rickettsia prowazekii or Bartonella quintana in these samples, and concludes that multiple infectious agents — alongside starvation, cold, and exhaustion — likely contributed to the army’s devastation.
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