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GWAS Study

Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment.

Okbay A, Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA et al.

27225129 PubMed ID
GWAS Study Type
405072 Participants
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Chapter I

Publication Details

Comprehensive information about this research publication

Authors

OA
Okbay A
BJ
Beauchamp JP
FM
Fontana MA
LJ
Lee JJ
PT
Pers TH
RC
Rietveld CA
TP
Turley P
CG
Chen GB
EV
Emilsson V
MS
Meddens SF
OS
Oskarsson S
PJ
Pickrell JK
TK
Thom K
TP
Timshel P
DV
de Vlaming R
AA
Abdellaoui A
AT
Ahluwalia TS
BJ
Bacelis J
BC
Baumbach C
BG
Bjornsdottir G
BJ
Brandsma JH
PC
Pina Concas M
DJ
Derringer J
FN
Furlotte NA
GT
Galesloot TE
GG
Girotto G
GR
Gupta R
HL
Hall LM
HS
Harris SE
HE
Hofer E
HM
Horikoshi M
HJ
Huffman JE
KK
Kaasik K
KI
Kalafati IP
KR
Karlsson R
KA
Kong A
LJ
Lahti J
VD
van der Lee SJ
DC
deLeeuw C
LP
Lind PA
LK
Lindgren KO
LT
Liu T
MM
Mangino M
MJ
Marten J
ME
Mihailov E
MM
Miller MB
VD
van der Most PJ
OC
Oldmeadow C
PA
Payton A
PN
Pervjakova N
PW
Peyrot WJ
QY
Qian Y
RO
Raitakari O
RR
Rueedi R
SE
Salvi E
SB
Schmidt B
SK
Schraut KE
SJ
Shi J
SA
Smith AV
PR
Poot RA
SP
St Pourcain B
TA
Teumer A
TG
Thorleifsson G
VN
Verweij N
VD
Vuckovic D
WJ
Wellmann J
WH
Westra HJ
YJ
Yang J
ZW
Zhao W
ZZ
Zhu Z
AB
Alizadeh BZ
AN
Amin N
BA
Bakshi A
BS
Baumeister SE
BG
Biino G
BK
Bønnelykke K
BP
Boyle PA
CH
Campbell H
CF
Cappuccio FP
DG
Davies G
DN
De Neve JE
DP
Deloukas P
DI
Demuth I
DJ
Ding J
EP
Eibich P
EL
Eisele L
EN
Eklund N
ED
Evans DM
FJ
Faul JD
FM
Feitosa MF
FA
Forstner AJ
GI
Gandin I
GB
Gunnarsson B
HB
Halldórsson BV
HT
Harris TB
HA
Heath AC
HL
Hocking LJ
HE
Holliday EG
HG
Homuth G
HM
Horan MA
HJ
Hottenga JJ
DJ
de Jager PL
JP
Joshi PK
JA
Jugessur A
KM
Kaakinen MA
KM
Kähönen M
KS
Kanoni S
KL
Keltigangas-Järvinen L
KL
Kiemeney LA
KI
Kolcic I
KS
Koskinen S
KA
Kraja AT
KM
Kroh M
KZ
Kutalik Z
LA
Latvala A
LL
Launer LJ
LM
Lebreton MP
LD
Levinson DF
LP
Lichtenstein P
LP
Lichtner P
LD
Liewald DC
LA
Loukola A
MP
Madden PA
MR
Mägi R
MT
Mäki-Opas T
MR
Marioni RE
MP
Marques-Vidal P
MG
Meddens GA
MG
McMahon G
MC
Meisinger C
MT
Meitinger T
MY
Milaneschi Y
ML
Milani L
MG
Montgomery GW
MR
Myhre R
NC
Nelson CP
ND
Nyholt DR
OW
Ollier WE
PA
Palotie A
PL
Paternoster L
PN
Pedersen NL
PK
Petrovic KE
PD
Porteous DJ
RK
Räikkönen K
RS
Ring SM
RA
Robino A
RO
Rostapshova O
RI
Rudan I
RA
Rustichini A
SV
Salomaa V
SA
Sanders AR
SA
Sarin AP
SH
Schmidt H
SR
Scott RJ
SB
Smith BH
SJ
Smith JA
SJ
Staessen JA
SE
Steinhagen-Thiessen E
SK
Strauch K
TA
Terracciano A
TM
Tobin MD
US
Ulivi S
VS
Vaccargiu S
QL
Quaye L
VR
van Rooij FJ
VC
Venturini C
VA
Vinkhuyzen AA
VU
Völker U
VH
Völzke H
VJ
Vonk JM
VD
Vozzi D
WJ
Waage J
WE
Ware EB
WG
Willemsen G
AJ
Attia JR
BD
Bennett DA
BK
Berger K
BL
Bertram L
BH
Bisgaard H
BD
Boomsma DI
BI
Borecki IB
BU
Bültmann U
CC
Chabris CF
CF
Cucca F
CD
Cusi D
DI
Deary IJ
DG
Dedoussis GV
VD
van Duijn CM
EJ
Eriksson JG
FB
Franke B
FL
Franke L
GP
Gasparini P
GP
Gejman PV
GC
Gieger C
GH
Grabe HJ
GJ
Gratten J
GP
Groenen PJ
GV
Gudnason V
VD
van der Harst P
HC
Hayward C
HD
Hinds DA
HW
Hoffmann W
HE
Hyppönen E
IW
Iacono WG
JB
Jacobsson B
JM
Järvelin MR
JK
Jöckel KH
KJ
Kaprio J
KS
Kardia SL
LT
Lehtimäki T
LS
Lehrer SF
MP
Magnusson PK
MN
Martin NG
MM
McGue M
MA
Metspalu A
PN
Pendleton N
PB
Penninx BW
PM
Perola M
PN
Pirastu N
PM
Pirastu M
PO
Polasek O
PD
Posthuma D
PC
Power C
PM
Province MA
SN
Samani NJ
SD
Schlessinger D
SR
Schmidt R
ST
Sørensen TI
ST
Spector TD
SK
Stefansson K
TU
Thorsteinsdottir U
TA
Thurik AR
TN
Timpson NJ
TH
Tiemeier H
TJ
Tung JY
UA
Uitterlinden AG
VV
Vitart V
VP
Vollenweider P
WD
Weir DR
WJ
Wilson JF
WA
Wright AF
CD
Conley DC
KR
Krueger RF
DS
Davey Smith G
HA
Hofman A
LD
Laibson DI
MS
Medland SE
MM
Meyer MN
YJ
Yang J
JM
Johannesson M
VP
Visscher PM
ET
Esko T
KP
Koellinger PD
CD
Cesarini D
BD
Benjamin DJ
Chapter II

Abstract

Summary of the research findings

Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.

405,072 European ancestry individuals

Chapter III

Study Statistics

Key metrics and study information

405072
Total Participants
GWAS
Study Type
No
Replicated
European
Ancestry
Finland, Sweden, U.S., Australia, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Greece, Belgium, Germany, U.K., Croatia, Switzerland, Estonia, Austria, Norway, Denmark
Recruitment Country
Chapter IV

Analysis

Comprehensive review of health and genetic findings

Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.

Analysis In Progress

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