Reconstructing Genetic History of Siberian and Northeastern European Populations
Martin Sikora, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Vitor C. Sousa et al.
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Abstract
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Northeastern Europe and Siberia have been inhabited by humans for tens of thousands of years. However, the genetic history of the ancient populations of these regions is not well understood. Here, we present genome-wide SNP data for 28 ancient individuals from Siberia and northeastern Europe dating from ~45,000 to ~500 years ago. We find that the populations of Siberia can be divided into at least four distinct genetic groups: Ancient North Siberians (ANS), which represent the earliest inhabitants; Ancient Paleo-Siberians (APS), who are the main ancestral population of contemporary Arctic populations; Neo-Siberians, who are closely related to East Asians; and a previously unknown group, Ancient Northeast Asians (ANA), who made a significant genetic contribution to the first Americans. We also show that there was gene flow from early Europeans into Siberia and that Siberians contributed to the genetic makeup of populations in Europe and North America.
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