Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals.
Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Stefansdottir L et al.
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Abstract
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Osteoarthritis is the third most rapidly growing health condition associated with disability, after dementia and diabetes1. By 2050, the total number of patients with osteoarthritis is estimated to reach 1 billion worldwide2. As no disease-modifying treatments exist for osteoarthritis, a better understanding of disease aetiopathology is urgently needed. Here we perform a genome-wide association study meta-analyses across up to 489,975 cases and 1,472,094 controls, establishing 962 independent associations, 513 of which have not been previously reported. Using single-cell multiomics data, we identify signal enrichment in embryonic skeletal development pathways. We integrate orthogonal lines of evidence, including transcriptome, proteome and epigenome profiles of primary joint tissues, and implicate 700 effector genes. Within these, we find rare coding-variant burden associations with effect sizes that are consistently higher than common frequency variant associations. We highlight eight biological processes in which we find convergent involvement of multiple effector genes, including the circadian clock, glial-cell-related processes and pathways with an established role in osteoarthritis (TGFβ, FGF, WNT, BMP and retinoic acid signalling, and extracellular matrix organization). We find that 10% of the effector genes express a protein that is the target of approved drugs, offering repurposing opportunities, which can accelerate translation.
441,288 European ancestry cases, 1,271,822 European ancestry controls, 10,408 East Asian ancestry cases, 128,633 East Asian ancestry controls, 25,698 African or African American cases, 34,718 African or African American controls, 2,422 South Asian ancestry cases, 18,894 South Asian ancestry controls, 8,128 Hispanic cases, 9,759 Hispanic controls, 2,031 Admixed ancestry cases, 8,268 Admixed ancestry controls
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