Melanesian blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1.
Kenny EE, Timpson NJ, Sikora M et al.
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Abstract
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Naturally blond hair is rare in humans and found almost exclusively in Europe and Oceania. Here, we identify an arginine-to-cysteine change at a highly conserved residue in tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) as a major determinant of blond hair in Solomon Islanders. This missense mutation is predicted to affect catalytic activity of TYRP1 and causes blond hair through a recessive mode of inheritance. The mutation is at a frequency of 26% in the Solomon Islands, is absent outside of Oceania, represents a strong common genetic effect on a complex human phenotype, and highlights the importance of examining genetic associations worldwide.
43 Solomon Islander ancestry blond haired individuals, 42 Solomon Islander ancestry dark haired individuals
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