Research Publication
Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration
Ning C, Li T, Wang K et al.
32483115
PubMed ID
37
Authors
06/01/2020
Published
110
Samples
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Northern China harbored the world's earliest complex societies based on millet farming, in two major centers in the Yellow (YR) and West Liao (WLR) River basins. Until now, their genetic histories have remained largely unknown. Here we present 55 ancient genomes dating to 7500-1700 BP from the YR, WLR, and Amur River (AR) regions. Contrary to the genetic stability in the AR, the YR and WLR genetic profiles substantially changed over time. The YR populations show a monotonic increase over time in their genetic affinity with present-day southern Chinese and Southeast Asians. In the WLR, intensification of farming in the Late Neolithic is correlated with increased YR affinity while the inclusion of a pastoral economy in the Bronze Age was correlated with increased AR affinity. Our results suggest a link between changes in subsistence strategy and human migration, and fuel the debate about archaeolinguistic signatures of past human migration.
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
110 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
110 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCZ-M17IV | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | D4b2b |
|
| SM-M27 | 2250 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | M | G2a1 |
C-PH1064 |
| SM-M6 | 2884 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | M | D5a2a1b3* |
O-MF15397 |
| SM-M7X | 2250 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | F | M80'D |
|
| 91KLH11 | 1050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | F | D4m1 |
|
| 91KLH18 | 916 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | M | D4j14 |
NO-M214 |
| 91KLM2 | 1050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | M | B4c1a2 |
C-F1756 |
| BLSM27S | 3550 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | F | D5a3a1 |
|
| BLSM41 | 3550 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | M | |
O-M324 |
| BLSM45 | 3353 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | F | D5a3a1 |
|
| DCZ-M21II | 120 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | M | G2b1b |
O-F1754 |
| DCZ-M22IV | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | F1g |
|
| DCZ-M6 | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | Z3 |
|
| EDM124 | 1687 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | M | B5b1a |
O-CTS2483 |
| EDM139 | 2050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | F | A22 |
|
| EDM176 | 2050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | M | N9a1 |
NO-M214 |
| HJTM107 | 2137 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | D4 |
C-F845 |
| HJTM109 | 2111 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | D4e1a |
O-F3016 |
| HJTM115 | 460 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | F | F4a2 |
|
| HJTW13 | 351 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | |
|
| HMF32 | 3710 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Horqin. Xibet Town. Haminmangha site | F | D4j |
|
| JCKM1-1 | 2461 BCE | China | Qinghai. Huzhu county. Jinchankou site | M | G3a2 |
O-M133 |
| JXNTM23 | 1504 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | F | C4a1a2 |
|
| JXNTM2 | 1550 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | M | A5b1b |
O-SK1769 |
| LGM41 | 250 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | M | M8a2b |
O-M133 |
| LGM79 | 517 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | F | B4d1'2'3 |
|
| LJM14 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | A18 |
O-SK1769 |
| LJM25 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | B4c1b2c2 |
D-Y65054 |
| LJM2 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | F | F1g |
|
| LJM3 | 2866 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | G1c1 |
O-M133 |
| LJM4 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | F | F1a1a |
|
| LJM5 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | F1g |
O-M133 |
| MGS-M6 | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | C5a1 |
C-F1756 |
| MGS-M7L | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | Z3a1 |
C-F1756 |
| MGS-M7R | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | C4a1a4a |
C-Y10428 |
| MZGM10-1 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | M | A14 |
C-F845 |
| MZGM16 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | M | C4a2a1 |
C-F845 |
| MZGM25-2 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | F | D4b2 |
|
| PLTM310 | 2277 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | F | D4b1a |
|
| PLTM311 | 2201 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | M | D4b1a4 |
N-F1173 |
| PLTM312 | 2137 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | M | D4b1a |
|
| PLTM313 | 2123 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | F | F2h |
|
| WD-WT1H16 | 2861 BCE | China | Henan province. Yuzhou city. Wadian site | M | N9a2* |
O-F3386 |
| WD-WT5M2 | 2050 BCE | China | Henan province. Yuzhou city. Wadian site | F | D5a2a |
|
| WGH35-1 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | |
|
| WGM20 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | |
|
| WGM35 | 4323 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | F1 |
|
| WGM43 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | M | |
|
| WGM70 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | M8a2 |
|
| WGM76S | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | C4a1a1 |
|
| WGM94 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | M | B4d1 |
O-F3016 |
| WQM4 | 5478 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Zhalainuoer district. Wuqi farm site | F | C4a1a |
|
| XW-M1R18 | 5302 BCE | China | Henan province. Lingbao city. Xiaowu village. Xiaowu site | M | D4g2a1* |
Q-FGC14753 |
| ZLNR-1 | 81 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Zhalainuoer. Zhalainuoer mining site | M | N9a9 |
C-F1756 |
| ZLNR-2 | 5527 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Zhalainuoer. Zhalainuoer mining site | F | C5 |
|
| 91KLH18 | 916 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | M | D4j14 |
NO-M214 |
| 91KLH11 | 1050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | F | D4m1 |
|
| 91KLM2 | 1050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Hexigten. Longtoushan site | M | B4c1a2 |
C2b1a1b1 |
| ZLNR-2 | 5527 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Zhalainuoer. Zhalainuoer mining site | F | C5 |
|
| WQM4 | 5478 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Zhalainuoer district. Wuqi farm site | F | C4a1a |
|
| ZLNR-1 | 81 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Zhalainuoer. Zhalainuoer mining site | M | N9a9 |
C2b1a1b1 |
| DCZ-M22IV | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | F1g |
|
| DCZ-M21II | 120 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | M | G2b1b |
O2a2b1a1a1a2a |
| DCZ-M17IV | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | D4b2b |
|
| DCZ-M6 | 50 CE | China | Qinghai province. Pingan county. Dacaozi site | F | Z3 |
|
| MGS-M7R | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | C4a1a4a |
C2b1a1b1b |
| MGS-M6 | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | C5a1 |
C2b1a1b1 |
| MGS-M7L | 50 CE | China | Inner Mongolia. Hulunbuir. Mogushan Xianbei site | M | Z3a1 |
C2b1a1b1 |
| JXNTM2 | 1550 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | M | A5b1b |
O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b |
| LGM79 | 517 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | F | B4d1'2'3 |
|
| LGM41 | 250 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | M | M8a2b |
O2a2b1a1a |
| JXNTM23 | 1504 BCE | China | Henan province. Jiazuo city. Jiaozuoniecun site | F | C4a1a2 |
|
| HJTM115 | 460 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | F | F4a2 |
|
| HJTW13 | 351 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | |
|
| SM-M6 | 2884 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | M | D5a2a1b3* |
O2a2b1a1a1a2a |
| SM-M27 | 2250 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | M | G2a1 |
C2e1b2 |
| SM-M7X | 2250 BCE | China | Shanxi province. Shenmu. Shengedaliang site | F | M80'D |
|
| LJM5 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | F1g |
O2a2b1a1a |
| LJM3 | 2866 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | G1c1 |
O2a2b1a1a |
| LJM14 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | A18 |
O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 |
| LJM2 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | F | F1g |
|
| LJM25 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | M | B4c1b2c2 |
D-Y65054 |
| LJM4 | 2050 BCE | China | Qinghai province. Minhe County. Lajia village. Lajia site | F | F1a1a |
|
| JCKM1-1 | 2461 BCE | China | Qinghai. Huzhu county. Jinchankou site | M | G3a2 |
O2a2b1a1a |
| EDM176 | 2050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | M | N9a1 |
NO-M214 |
| EDM139 | 2050 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | F | A22 |
|
| EDM124 | 1687 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Chifeng. Erdaojingzi | M | B5b1a |
O2a1c |
| PLTM313 | 2123 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | F | F2h |
|
| PLTM311 | 2201 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | M | D4b1a4 |
N-F1173 |
| PLTM310 | 2277 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | F | D4b1a |
|
| PLTM312 | 2137 BCE | China | Henan province. Huaiyang. Pingliangtai site | M | D4b1a |
|
| HJTM107 | 2137 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | D4 |
C2e2 |
| HJTM109 | 2111 BCE | China | Henan province. Luohe city. Shicaozhao village. Haojiatai site | M | D4e1a |
O2a2b1a1 |
| WD-WT1H16 | 2861 BCE | China | Henan province. Yuzhou city. Wadian site | M | N9a2* |
O2a2b1a2a1c |
| WD-WT5M2 | 2050 BCE | China | Henan province. Yuzhou city. Wadian site | F | D5a2a |
|
| HMF32 | 3710 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Horqin. Xibet Town. Haminmangha site | F | D4j |
|
| MZGM10-1 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | M | A14 |
C2e2 |
| MZGM16 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | M | C4a2a1 |
C2e2 |
| MZGM25-2 | 3550 BCE | China | Inner Mongolia. Qahar Youyi Qianqi. Uraharura. Miaozigou site | F | D4b2 |
|
| BLSM27S | 3550 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | F | D5a3a1 |
|
| BLSM45 | 3353 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | F | D5a3a1 |
|
| BLSM41 | 3550 BCE | China | Liaoning. Chaoyang city. Banla mountain | M | |
O2a |
| XW-M1R18 | 5302 BCE | China | Henan province. Lingbao city. Xiaowu village. Xiaowu site | M | D4g2a1* |
Q1a1a1 |
| WGM35 | 4323 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | F1 |
|
| WGM94 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | M | B4d1 |
O1b1a2 |
| WGM70 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | M8a2 |
|
| WGM76S | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | C4a1a1 |
|
| WGM20 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | |
|
| WGM43 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | M | |
|
| WGH35-1 | 3550 BCE | China | Henan province. Yingyang county. Wanggou village. Wanggou site | F | |
|
Chapter IV
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.