The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East

Saag L; Laneman M; Varul L; Malve M; Valk H; Razzak MA; Shirobokov IG; Khartanovich VI; Mikhaylova ER; Kushniarevich A; Scheib CL; Solnik A; Reisberg T; Parik J; Saag L; Metspalu E; Rootsi S; Montinaro F; Remm M; Mägi R; D&#x27; Atanasio E; Crema ER; Díez-Del-Molino D; Thomas MG; Kriiska A; Kivisild T; Villems R; Lang V; Metspalu M; Tambets K

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026

Research Publication

The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East

Saag L, Laneman M, Varul L et al.

31080083 PubMed ID

31 Authors

05/20/2019 Published

86 Samples

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Chapter I

Publication Details

Comprehensive information about this research publication

Authors 31 researchers

Publication Date 05/20/2019

Geographic Region Europe

URL https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31080083/

Authors

SL

Saag L

LM

Laneman M

VL

Varul L

MM

Malve M

VH

Valk H

RM

Razzak MA

SI

Shirobokov IG

KV

Khartanovich VI

ME

Mikhaylova ER

KA

Kushniarevich A

SC

Scheib CL

SA

Solnik A

RT

Reisberg T

PJ

Parik J

SL

Saag L

ME

Metspalu E

RS

Rootsi S

MF

Montinaro F

RM

Remm M

MR

Mägi R

D

D&#x27

AE

Atanasio E

CE

Crema ER

DD

Díez-Del-Molino D

TM

Thomas MG

KA

Kriiska A

KT

Kivisild T

VR

Villems R

LV

Lang V

MM

Metspalu M

TK

Tambets K

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Chapter II

Abstract

Summary of the research findings

In this study, we compare the genetic ancestry of individuals from two as yet genetically unstudied cultural traditions in Estonia in the context of available modern and ancient datasets: 15 from the Late Bronze Age stone-cist graves (1200-400 BC) (EstBA) and 6 from the Pre-Roman Iron Age tarand cemeteries (800/500 BC-50 AD) (EstIA). We also included 5 Pre-Roman to Roman Iron Age Ingrian (500 BC-450 AD) (IngIA) and 7 Middle Age Estonian (1200-1600 AD) (EstMA) individuals to build a dataset for studying the demographic history of the northern parts of the Eastern Baltic from the earliest layer of Mesolithic to modern times. Our findings are consistent with EstBA receiving gene flow from regions with strong Western hunter-gatherer (WHG) affinities and EstIA from populations related to modern Siberians. The latter inference is in accordance with Y chromosome (chrY) distributions in present day populations of the Eastern Baltic, as well as patterns of autosomal variation in the majority of the westernmost Uralic speakers [1-5]. This ancestry reached the coasts of the Baltic Sea no later than the mid-first millennium BC; i.e., in the same time window as the diversification of west Uralic (Finnic) languages [6]. Furthermore, phenotypic traits often associated with modern Northern Europeans, like light eyes, hair, and skin, as well as lactose tolerance, can be traced back to the Bronze Age in the Eastern Baltic. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Chapter III

Ancient DNA Samples

86 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication

86 Samples

Sample ID	Date/Era	Country	Locality	Sex	mtDNA	Y-DNA
0LS03	1180 CE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Kukruse. burial 9	M	`U4d1`	`R-Z92`
0LS09	539 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III	F	`H6a1a`
0LS10	800 BCE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Hiiemägi at Kunda. tarand III. burial 9	M	`H13a1a1a`	`N-CTS3103`
0LS11	1103 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jõelähtme 34. cist?	M	`H1c`	`R-Z283`
IIa	1230 CE	Estonia	Saare. Karja. burial 16	M	`H3h1*`	`N-L550`
IIf	1360 CE	Estonia	Valga. Otepää Piiri St.. 1938. burial 1	M	`T2b`	`N-L550`
IIg	1180 CE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Pada. burial 151	M	`U4a2b`	`N-L550`
IIIt	1250 CE	Estonia	Võru. Vaabina. burial 43	F	`U5a2a1`
ILS01	1500 CE	Estonia	Tartu. Vana-Kuuste. burial 73	M	`H11a1`	`R-M417`
IVLS09KT	1570 CE	Estonia	Tartu. Mäletjärve. burial 18	M	`H2a1`	`J-Z622`
V10	775 BCE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Hiiemägi at Kunda. tarand XI. burial 24	M	`H1a`	`R-CTS214`
V11	386 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Kurevere. large circle	F	`W3a1d`
V12	350 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Kurevere. tarand VII	M	`I1a1c`	`N-L550`
V14	1274 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 1	M	`U2e2a1`	`R-PF6162`
V16	725 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jaani A at Väo. cist	M	`H1b2`	`R-Z283`
V7	775 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III. tarand IV. burial 1	M	`T2a1b1a1`	`R-M417`
V8	746 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III. tarand IV. burial 9	F	`HV0`
V9	1217 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jõelähtme 7. cist	M	`K1c1h`	`R-YP4932`
X02	1107 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Iru 14. cist	M	`T1a1b`	`R-M417`
X04	465 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Loona 1. outside the cist. square d/107	M	`H1c`	`R-PF6162`
X05	1205 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 2	M	`T2a1b1a1`	`R-PF6162`
X06	1203 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 4	U		`R-M459`
X07	1200 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 12 at Muuksi. cist 2	U		`P-P226`
X08	925 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese at Muuksi. cist A	M	`T2a1b1a2`	`R-YP340`
X09	815 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese at Muuksi. cist B	M	`J1b1a`	`R-M198`
X10	1218 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese e at Muuksi. cist C	M	`U5a2a1`	`R-PF6162`
X11	1046 BCE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Napa 3. cist	M	`J1c2k`	`R-M417`
X12	896 BCE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Napa 4. cist	M	`W6`	`R-M417`
X13	774 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lastekangur 2 at Rebala. cist	U	`K1b2a`	`R-Z280`
X14	773 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lastekangur 2 at Rebala. cist	M	`H1b2`	`R-YP4932`
X15	1206 BCE	Estonia	Tartu. Vehendi 11. peripheral. square 4/d	M	`U5b1b1`	`R-Y35`
X16	1107 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Kangru 1 at Väo. cist	M	`J1c4`	`R-M420`
X17	927 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Kangru 8 at Väo. cist?	M	`U4a2b`	`R-CTS1211`
X19	1200 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Parna 1 at Väo. cist	F	`U`
X20	900 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Parna 1 at Väo. cist	M	`U4a2b`	`R-M417`
VII3	379 BCE	Estonia	Pärnu. Poanse I. tarand 4	M	`U5a1d`	`R-M459`
VII4	750 BCE	Estonia	Laane-Viru. Tandemägi IV at Võhma. tarand 2	M	`T1a1b`	`N-Y4706`
X02	1107 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Iru 14. cist	M	`T1a1b`	`R-M417`
V16	725 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jaani A at Väo. cist	M	`H1b2`	`R-Z283`
0LS11	1103 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jõelähtme 34. cist?	M	`H1c`	`R-Z283`
V9	1217 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Jõelähtme 7. cist	M	`K1c1h`	`R-YP4932`
X16	1107 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Kangru 1 at Väo. cist	M	`J1c4`	`R-M420`
X17	927 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Kangru 8 at Väo. cist?	M	`U4a2b`	`R-CTS1211`
X14	773 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lastekangur 2 at Rebala. cist	M	`H1b2`	`R-YP4932`
X13	774 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lastekangur 2 at Rebala. cist	U	`K1b2a`	`R-Z280`
X08	925 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese at Muuksi. cist A	M	`T2a1b1a2`	`R-YP340`
X09	815 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese at Muuksi. cist B	M	`J1b1a`	`R-M198`
X10	1218 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Lõokese e at Muuksi. cist C	M	`U5a2a1`	`R-PF6162`
X20	900 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Parna 1 at Väo. cist	M	`U4a2b`	`R-M417`
X19	1200 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Parna 1 at Väo. cist	F	`U`
X07	1200 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 12 at Muuksi. cist 2	U		`P-P226`
V14	1274 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 1	M	`U2e2a1`	`R-PF6162`
X05	1205 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 2	M	`T2a1b1a1`	`R-PF6162`
X06	1203 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Toomani 5 at Muuksi. cist 4	U		`R-M459`
X11	1046 BCE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Napa 3. cist	M	`J1c2k`	`R-M417`
X12	896 BCE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Napa 4. cist	M	`W6`	`R-M417`
X15	1206 BCE	Estonia	Tartu. Vehendi 11. peripheral. square 4/d	M	`U5b1b1`	`R-Y35`
0LS09	539 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III	F	`H6a1a`
V7	775 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III. tarand IV. burial 1	M	`T2a1b1a1`	`R-M417`
V8	746 BCE	Estonia	Harju. Ilmandu III. tarand IV. burial 9	F	`HV0`
0LS10	800 BCE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Hiiemägi at Kunda. tarand III. burial 9	M	`H13a1a1a`	`N-CTS3103`
V10	775 BCE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Hiiemägi at Kunda. tarand XI. burial 24	M	`H1a`	`R-CTS214`
VII4	750 BCE	Estonia	Laane-Viru. Tandemägi IV at Võhma. tarand 2	M	`T1a1b`	`N-Y4706`
VII3	379 BCE	Estonia	Pärnu. Poanse I. tarand 4	M	`U5a1d`	`R-M459`
V11	386 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Kurevere. large circle	F	`W3a1d`
V12	350 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Kurevere. tarand VII	M	`I1a1c`	`N-L550`
X04	465 BCE	Estonia	Saare. Loona 1. outside the cist. square d/107	M	`H1c`	`R-PF6162`
0LS03	1180 CE	Estonia	Ida-Viru. Kukruse. burial 9	M	`U4d1`	`R-Z92`
IIg	1180 CE	Estonia	Lääne-Viru. Pada. burial 151	M	`U4a2b`	`N-L550`
IIa	1230 CE	Estonia	Saare. Karja. burial 16	M	`H3h1*`	`N-L550`
IVLS09KT	1570 CE	Estonia	Tartu. Mäletjärve. burial 18	M	`H2a1`	`J-Z622`
ILS01	1500 CE	Estonia	Tartu. Vana-Kuuste. burial 73	M	`H11a1`	`R-M417`
IIf	1360 CE	Estonia	Valga. Otepää Piiri St.. 1938. burial 1	M	`T2b`	`N-L550`
IIIt	1250 CE	Estonia	Võru. Vaabina. burial 43	F	`U5a2a1`
VII15	43 BCE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 3. square 118/230 (horizon 3)	M	`U5a2a1`	`R-CTS3402`
VIII5	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Malli. eastern tarand. square 84/73 (horizon 2)	F	`T1a1b`
VIII6	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Malli. eastern tarand. square 87/74 (horizon 2)	F
VIII7	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 3. square 114/234 (horizon 2)	F	`H2a1a`
VIII8	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 2. square 116/234 (horizon above bedrock)	M	`H3h`	`R-M417`
VIII9	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 2. square 116/236 (horizon 3)	F	`U4a2`
VIII8	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 2. square 116/234 (horizon above bedrock)	M	`H3h`	`R-M417`
VIII9	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 2. square 116/236 (horizon 3)	F	`U4a2`
VIII7	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 3. square 114/234 (horizon 2)	F	`H2a1a`
VII15	43 BCE	Russia	Ingria. Kerstovo I. tarand 3. square 118/230 (horizon 3)	M	`U5a2a1`	`R-CTS3402`
VIII5	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Malli. eastern tarand. square 84/73 (horizon 2)	F	`T1a1b`
VIII6	75 CE	Russia	Ingria. Malli. eastern tarand. square 87/74 (horizon 2)	F

Chapter IV

Analysis

Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings

Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.

The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East

Publication Details

Authors

Abstract

Ancient DNA Samples

Analysis

Analysis In Progress

Summary

Key Findings

Ancestry Insights

Traits Analysis

Historical Context

Scientific Assessment

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The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East

Publication Details

Authors

Abstract

Ancient DNA Samples

Analysis

Analysis In Progress

Summary

Key Findings

Ancestry Insights

Traits Analysis

Historical Context

Scientific Assessment

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