Reconstructing the west-east genetic division in Indonesia using ancient genomes
Xu Yu, Y Wiradnyana, Ketut K et al.
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Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Two Late Neolithic genomes from western Indonesia were sequenced and integrated with 19 published ancient genomes from Island Southeast Asia (7,000–200 BP) to reconstruct the west–east genetic division across Wallace’s Line. The analyses support a two-phase model in which an early Holocene west–east divergence established distinct western-forager and Papuan-related eastern ancestries, subsequently shaped by Neolithic Austronesian expansion and additional gene flow from Mainland Southeast Asia into western Wallacea, along with Papuan-related back-migration into eastern Wallacea, ultimately producing the present-day east–west genetic structure of Indonesia.
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