mtDNA Haplogroup • Maternal Lineage

X2BA

mtDNA Haplogroup X2BA

Unknown

To be determined

6 subclades

Explore the Story Parent: X2BB

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Chapter I

The Story

The journey of mtDNA haplogroup X2BA

mtDNA haplogroup X2BA is a maternal lineage from the Phylotree reference tree. This record was auto-created to restore missing intermediate structure between existing clades. It is a subclade of X2BB.

Editorial status

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Key Points

Editorial status

Chapter II

Tree & Relationships

Phylogenetic context and subclades

Evolution Path

This haplogroup's evolutionary journey from its earliest ancestor to the present.

Steps	Haplogroup	Age Estimate	Archaeology Era	Time Passed	Immediate Descendants	Tested Modern Descendants	Ancient Connections
1	X2BA Current	—	—	—	6	13	0
2	X2BB	—	—	—	1	13	0
3	X2B	~12,000 years ago	🌾 Neolithic	12,000 years	1	69	73
4	X2B'D	—	—	—	2	103	0
5	X2a	~13,000 years ago	🏹 Mesolithic	13,000 years	6	127	4
6	X2	~22,000 years ago	🏹 Mesolithic	22,000 years	5	152	48
7	X1'2'3	—	—	—	3	170	0
8	X	~10,000 years ago	🌾 Neolithic	10,000 years	3	180	28
9	N	~60,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	60,000 years	16	20,371	13
10	L3	~70,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	70,000 years	7	23,542	6
11	L3'4	—	—	—	2	23,581	0
12	L3'4'6	—	—	—	2	23,584	0
13	L2'3'4'6	—	—	—	2	24,475	0
14	L2'3'4'5'6'7	—	—	—	2	24,488	0
15	L1'2'3'4'5'6'7	—	—	—	2	24,903	0
16	L	~160,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	160,000 years	2	25,205	5

Subclades (6)

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

X2B4

~6,000 years ago

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

Chapter III

Where in the World

Geographic distribution and modern presence

Place of Origin

To be determined

Modern Distribution

The populations where mtDNA haplogroup X2BA is found require further characterization through genetic studies.

CHAPTER IV

When in Time

Your haplogroup in the context of human history

~10k years ago

Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture begins, settled communities form

~5k years ago

Bronze Age

Metalworking, writing, and early civilizations

~3k years ago

Iron Age

Iron tools, expanded trade networks

~2k years ago

Classical Antiquity

Greek and Roman civilizations flourish

Present

Present Day

Modern era

Present

Haplogroup X2BA

Your mtDNA haplogroup emerged in To be determined

To be determined

Your Haplogroup

Historical Era

Chapter IV-B

Linked Cultures

Ancient cultures associated with mtDNA haplogroup X2BA

Cultural Heritage

These ancient cultures have been linked to haplogroup X2BA based on matching ancient DNA samples from archaeological excavations. The presence of this haplogroup in these cultures provides insights into the migrations and population movements of populations carrying this haplogroup.

Bükk Group Bulgarian Neolithic French Neolithic Greek Neolithic Gumelnița-Karanovo Linear Pottery Culture Middle Neolithic French

Culture assignments are based on archaeological context of ancient DNA samples and may represent regional associations during specific time periods.

Chapter V

Sample Catalog

29 direct carriers of haplogroup X2BA

29 / 29 samples

Sample	Country	Era	Date	Culture	mtDNA	Match
VK361	Denmark	Viking Age Denmark	900 CE - 1000 CE	Viking Denmark	`X2b-a`	Direct
VK361	Denmark	The Viking Age	900 CE - 1000 CE		`X2b-a`	Direct
VK410	Russia	Viking Age Russia	1000 CE - 1200 CE	Viking Culture	`X2b-a`	Direct
VK410	Russia	The Viking Age	1000 CE - 1200 CE		`X2b-a`	Direct
OTTM_151ind2	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE	Lech Valley Culture	`X2b-a`	Direct
OTTM_151ind2	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Central Europe	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
OTTM_151ind2	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Central Europe	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
TV32032extra	Portugal	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1800 BCE - 1400 BCE	Portuguese Bronze	`X2b-a`	Direct
TV32032extra	Portugal	Bronze Age Iberia	1800 BCE - 1400 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
AITI_95	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1872 BCE - 1624 BCE	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
AITI_95	Germany	Early Bronze Age Central Europe	1872 BCE - 1624 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
AITI_32	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1881 BCE - 1687 BCE	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
AITI_43	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1888 BCE - 1700 BCE	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
POST_85	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	2127 BCE - 1901 BCE	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
I5373	United Kingdom	Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England	2195 BCE - 1980 BCE	British Chalcolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I0263	Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE - 2250 BCE	Los Millares	`X2b-a`	Direct
Aes25	Switzerland	Late Neolithic Switzerland	2865 BCE - 2499 BCE	Swiss Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I1970	Portugal	Chalcolithic Portugal	2876 BCE - 2491 BCE	Portuguese Chalcolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
Aes13	Switzerland	Late Neolithic Switzerland	3013 BCE - 2900 BCE	Swiss Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
NGZ1	Ireland	Middle Neolithic Ireland	3322 BCE - 2921 BCE	Irish Middle Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I0519	United Kingdom	Neolithic England	3360 BCE - 3100 BCE	British Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I8568	Spain	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3496 BCE - 3355 BCE	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I8567	Spain	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE - 3300 BCE	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
I7601	Spain	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3644 BCE - 3528 BCE	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
PRI001	France	Middle Neolithic France	4342 BCE - 4077 BCE	Middle Neolithic French	`X2b-a`	Direct
GRG028	France	Middle Neolithic France	4836 BCE - 4606 BCE	Middle Neolithic French	`X2b-a`	Direct
I1499	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE	Bükk Group	`X2b-a`	Direct
I1499	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Central Europe	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
I1499	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Central Europe	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct

VK361

Viking Age Denmark - Denmark - Langeland. Bogevej

Denmark Viking Age Denmark 900 CE - 1000 CE

X2b-a Direct

VK361

Denmark The Viking Age 900 CE - 1000 CE

X2b-a Direct

VK410

Viking Age Russia - Russia - Ladoga

Russia Viking Age Russia 1000 CE - 1200 CE

X2b-a Direct

VK410

Russia The Viking Age 1000 CE - 1200 CE

X2b-a Direct

OTTM_151ind2

Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter

Germany Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

OTTM_151ind2

Germany Middle Bronze Age Central Europe 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

OTTM_151ind2

Germany Lech MBA possible.contam - Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter

Germany Middle Bronze Age Central Europe 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

TV32032extra

Middle Bronze Age Portugal - Portugal - Torre Velha 3

Portugal Middle Bronze Age Portugal 1800 BCE - 1400 BCE

X2b-a Direct

TV32032extra

Portugal Bronze Age Iberia 1800 BCE - 1400 BCE

X2b-a Direct

AITI_95

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1872 BCE - 1624 BCE

X2b-a Direct

AITI_95

Germany Early Bronze Age Central Europe 1872 BCE - 1624 BCE

X2b-a Direct

AITI_32

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1881 BCE - 1687 BCE

X2b-a Direct

AITI_43

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1888 BCE - 1700 BCE

X2b-a Direct

POST_85

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Haunstetten - Postillionstraße

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 2127 BCE - 1901 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I5373

Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England - United Kingdom - England. Derbyshire. Brassington. Carsington Pasture Cave

United Kingdom Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England 2195 BCE - 1980 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I0263

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2850 BCE - 2250 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Aes25

Late Neolithic Switzerland - Switzerland - Aesch

Switzerland Late Neolithic Switzerland 2865 BCE - 2499 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I1970

Chalcolithic Portugal - Portugal - Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos

Portugal Chalcolithic Portugal 2876 BCE - 2491 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Aes13

Late Neolithic Switzerland - Switzerland - Aesch

Switzerland Late Neolithic Switzerland 3013 BCE - 2900 BCE

X2b-a Direct

NGZ1

Middle Neolithic Ireland - Ireland - Ireland. Meath. Site Z. Newgrange

Ireland Middle Neolithic Ireland 3322 BCE - 2921 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I0519

Neolithic England - United Kingdom - England. Northampton. Banbury Lane

United Kingdom Neolithic England 3360 BCE - 3100 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I8568

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà

Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3496 BCE - 3355 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I8567

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà

Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE - 3300 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I7601

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes

Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3644 BCE - 3528 BCE

X2b-a Direct

PRI001

Middle Neolithic France - France - Deux-Sèvres. Prissé-la-Charrière

France Middle Neolithic France 4342 BCE - 4077 BCE

X2b-a Direct

GRG028

Middle Neolithic France - France - Yonne. Gurgy "Les Noisats"

France Middle Neolithic France 4836 BCE - 4606 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I1499

Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary - Hungary - Garadna

Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I1499

Hungary Middle Neolithic Central Europe 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

I1499

Hungary MN ALPc Bukk.SG - Garadna

Hungary Middle Neolithic Central Europe 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Chapter VI

Carrier Distribution Map

Geographic distribution of 29 ancient DNA samples (direct and subclade carriers of X2BA)

Direct carrier

All Time Periods

Showing all samples

Chapter VII

Temporal Distribution

Distribution of carriers across archaeological periods

Chapter VIII

Geographic Distribution

Distribution by country of origin (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Chapter IX

Country × Era Distribution

Cross-tabulation of carrier countries and archaeological periods (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Data

Data & Provenance

Source information and data quality

Last Updated 2026-06-14

Confidence Score 50/100

Coverage Low

Data Source

We use the latest phylotree for MTDNA haplogroup classification and data.