Research Publication
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N et al.
26595274
PubMed ID
38
Authors
12/24/2015
Published
158
Samples
700
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
158 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
158 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I0099 | 1202 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | M | H23* |
R-FT6375 |
| I0047 | 2116 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | F | V9 |
|
| I1534 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | K1a1b2a |
R-M198 |
| I0060 | 2404 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | K1a2c |
|
| I1546 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | U5a1b1 |
|
| I1549 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | W1c1 |
|
| I0806 | 2433-2147 calBCE (3824±25 BP, MAMS-22820) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VII | M | H1* |
R1b1a2a1a2 |
| I0805 | 2465-2142 calBCE (3839±55 BP, Erl-8558) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VII | M | H1* |
R1b1a2 |
| I0113 | 2396-2034 calBCE (3773±47 BP, Erl-7283) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site XII | F | J1c5-a* |
|
| I0112 | 2455-2141 calBCE (3820±42 BP, Erl-7038) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site XII | F | H13a1a2 |
|
| I1530 | 2456-2140 calBCE (3818±48 BP, Erl-8715) | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | M | H3ao* |
R1 |
| I0111 | 2474-2201 calBCE (3881±50 BP, Erl-8712) | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | H3ao |
|
| I0108 | 2575-2297 calBCE (3953±47 BP, Erl-8710) | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | H5a3* |
|
| I0060 | 2404 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | K1a2c |
|
| I1534 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | K1a1b2a |
|
| I0104 | 2563-2295 calBCE (3927±37 BP, MAMS-21487) | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U4b1a1a1 |
R-M417 |
| I0103 | 2617 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | W6a |
|
| I1542 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J2a2a |
R-M417 |
| I1536 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U5a1g |
R-M417 |
| I1544 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | K2b2 |
R-M417 |
| I1538 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c5* |
R-M417 |
| I1539 | 2630-2287 calBCE (3967±57 BP, Erl-7779) | Germany | Esperstedt | F | J1c1b1a |
|
| I0106 | 2461-2208 calBCE (3867±32 BP, MAMS-21490) | Germany | Esperstedt | F | T2a1b1 |
|
| I1540 | 2600-2200 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c5f1* |
R-M417 |
| I1541 | 2600-2200 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U2e1a1 |
R-M417 |
| I1532 | 2500-2050 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c2e |
R-M417 |
| I0049 | 2463-2206 calBCE (3867±35 BP, MAMS-21489) | Germany | Esperstedt | F | X2b4 |
|
| I0114 | 2141-1947 calBCE (3667±31 BP, MAMS-21493) | Germany | Esperstedt | M | I3a |
I-L38 |
| I0115 | 1959-1751 calBCE (3540±31 BP, MAMS-21494) | Germany | Esperstedt | F | U5a1i |
|
| I0117 | 2276-2037 calBCE (3743±25 BP, MAMS-21496) | Germany | Esperstedt | F | I3a |
|
| I0116 | 2137 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | W3a1 |
I-BY431 |
| I0804 | 2139-1959 calBCE (3671±26 BP, MAMS-22821) | Germany | Eulau | M | H3-b* |
I2 |
| I0803 | 2135-1941 calBCE (3650±26 BP, MAMS-22822) | Germany | Eulau | F | H4a1a1a6 |
|
| I0047 | 2116 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | F | V9 |
|
| I0164 | 2027-1890 calBCE (3599±25 BP, MAMS-21497) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VIII | F | U5b2a1b |
|
| I0022 | 5500-4850 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2e |
|
| I0026 | 5500-4850 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2b |
|
| I0025 | 5500-4850 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2b |
|
| I0797 | 5500-4850 BCE | Germany | Karsdorf | M | H46b |
T-M70 |
| I0795 | 5215-5030 calBCE (6174±29 BP, MAMS-22823) | Germany | Karsdorf | M | H1 or H1au1b |
T-M70 |
| I0054 | 5216-5009 calBCE (6180±34 BP, MAMS-21485) | Germany | Unterwiederstedt | F | J1c17 |
|
| I0099 | 1202 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | M | H23* |
R-FT6375 |
| I0118 | 2469 BCE | Germany | Alberstedt | F | HV |
|
| I0171 | 2288-2039 calBCE (3758±33 BP, KIA-27952) | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | U5a1a2a |
|
| I0059 | 2343-2137 calBCE (3796±30 BP, MAMS-21486) | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | H1-e* |
|
| I0550 | 2572-2467 calBCE (3993±21 BP, MAMS-23344) | Germany | Karsdorf | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0807 | 3977-3659 calBCE (5061±62 BP, Erl-7784) | Germany | Esperstedt | M | H1e1a* |
I-P215 |
| I0559 | 3646-3528 calBCE (4815±26 BP, MAMS-22818) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site IX | M | HV |
R |
| I0560 | 3637-3376 calBCE (4745±52 BP, Erl-7856) | Germany | Quedlinburg Site IX | F | T2e1 |
|
| I0172 | 3363 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | T2b |
I-S2703 |
| I0551 | 3400-3000 BCE | Germany | Salzmünde-Schiepzig | M | U3a1 |
G-PF3146 |
| I1502 | 2195 BCE | Hungary | Kompolt-Kigyoser | F | K1c1* |
|
| I1507 | 5788 BCE | Hungary | Tiszaszolos-Domaháza | M | R1b1* |
I-FTA37506 |
| I1508 | 5716 BCE | Hungary | Berettyóújfalu-Morotva-Liget | F | K1-a |
|
| I0174 | 5712-5531 calBCE (6695±40 BP, MAMS-11939) | Hungary | Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep | M | N1a1a1 |
H-FT69183 |
| I1504 | 987 BCE | Hungary | Ludas-Varjú dűlő | M | K1a1a |
J-Z30682 |
| I1497 | 3320 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | F | H |
|
| I1495 | 4496 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | M | N1a1a1a* |
I-FTA37509 |
| I1499 | 5286 BCE | Hungary | Garadna | F | X2b-a |
|
| I1498 | 5297 BCE | Hungary | Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja | F | H* |
|
| I1500 | 5301 BCE | Hungary | Kompolt-Kigyoser | M | J1c1 |
C-FT251391 |
| I1505 | 5210 BCE | Hungary | Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31 | F | J1c5* |
|
| I1496 | 5211 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | M | K1a3a3* |
C-FT251391 |
| I0176 | 5209-4939 calBCE (6110±30 BP, Beta-310038) | Hungary | Szemely-Hegyes | F | N1a1a1a3 |
|
| I0440 | 2887 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | I3a |
R-Z2109 |
| I0418 | 2131 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0438 | 3020 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0371 | 2871 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka | M | U2d2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0441 | 2876-2635 calBCE (4159±19 BP) [R_Combine: (4234±60 BP, AA-47805), (4150±20 BP, PSUAMS-8721)] | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Buzuluk. Kurmanaevka III | F | H2b |
|
| I0370 | 3300-2500 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Eastern Orenburg. Pre-Ural steppe. Ishkinovka I | M | H13a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0444 | 3335-2883 calBCE (4370±75 BP, AA-12570) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk | M | H6a1b |
R-KMS75 |
| I0438 | 3020 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0439 | 3322-2921 calBCE (4420±30 BP, Beta-392491) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-M269 |
| I0357 | 3093-2911 calBCE (4380±30 BP, Beta-392489) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | F | W6c |
|
| I0429 | 3339-2916 calBCE (4432±66 BP, AA-47804) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | M | T2c1a2 |
R-KMS75 |
| I0443 | 3331-2930 calBCE (4440±30 BP, PSUAMS-11941) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | W3a1a |
R-Z2103 |
| I0434 | 5198-4853 calBCE (6070±25 BP, PSUAMS-4033) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | U4d |
Q-MEH2 |
| I0433 | 4697-4539 calBCE (5760±25 BP, PSUAMS-4032) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | U5a1i |
R-M459 |
| I0122 | 4936-4730 calBCE (5960±25 BP, PSUAMS-4031) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | H2a1 |
R-V1636 |
| I0211 | 7050 BCE | Russia | Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov | M | U4a |
J-M267 |
| I0061 | 7050 BCE | Russia | Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov | M | C1* |
R-FT386000 |
| I0124 | 5660-5535 calBCE (6680±30 BP, Beta-392490) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lebyazhinka | M | U5a1d |
R-Y13202 |
| I0432 | 2925 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Sok River. Potapovka I | M | U5a1c |
R-Z2124 |
| I0126 | 2867-2475 calBCE (4081±54 BP, AA-53803) | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk III | M | H6a2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0374 | 2800-2000 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III | M | H13a1a |
R-M269 |
| I0418 | 2131 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0371 | 2871 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka | M | U2d2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0440 | 2887 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | I3a |
R-Z2109 |
| I0247 | 385 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka | M | G2a4 |
R-Z94 |
| I0423 | 1850-1200 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I | M | J2b1a2a |
R-Z94 |
| I0235 | 1850-1600 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I | F | K1b2a |
|
| I0234 | 1850-1600 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I | F | I1a1 |
|
| I0581 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | X2b |
I-S9403 |
| I1282 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-M170 |
| I1302 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | J2b1a3 |
G-PF3359 |
| I1276 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | H3c3 |
|
| I1284 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-CTS2257 |
| I1274 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-M223 |
| I1280 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | J1c1 |
|
| I1314 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | J2a1a1 |
G2a |
| I1277 | 2570-2342 calBCE (3950±30 BP, Beta-416457) | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I2a2a |
| I1272 | 2857-2492 calBCE (4080±30 BP, Beta-416456) | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I1281 | 2867-2573 calBCE (4110±30 BP, Beta-416458) | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | H1t |
|
| I1300 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1a2a |
|
| I0581 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | X2b |
I-S9403 |
| I1271 | 2650-2250 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1-a |
|
| I1303 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | U3a1 |
I2a1a1 |
| I0412 | 5309 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | M | N1a1a1* |
I-A812 |
| I0410 | 5298 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | M | T2c1d or T2c1d2 |
R1b1a |
| I0413 | 5304-5065 calBCE (6234±28 BP, MAMS-16166) | Spain | Els Trocs | F | V |
|
| I0409 | 5312-5212 calBCE (6280±25 BP, MAMS-16159) | Spain | Els Trocs | F | J1c3 |
|
| I0411 | 5298-5059 calBCE (6218±24 BP, MAMS-16162) | Spain | Els Trocs | M | K1a2a |
F |
| I0405 | 3900-3600 BCE | Spain | La Mina | M | K1a1b1 |
H-BY84221 |
| I0406 | 3900-3600 BCE | Spain | La Mina | M | H1 |
I-Z161 |
| I0407 | 3900-3600 BCE | Spain | La Mina | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I0408 | 3895 BCE | Spain | La Mina | F | U5b1 |
|
| I0585 | 5982 BCE | Spain | Leon. La Brana-Arintero | M | U5b2c1* |
C-FT368070 |
| I0013 | 5966-5634 calBCE (6877±69 BP, Ua-42117) | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U5a1 |
I-V4921 |
| I0011 | 5721-5484 calBCE (6701±64 BP, Ua-42116) | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | F | U5a1 |
|
| I0015 | 5967-5627 calBCE (6863±75 BP, Ua-42120) | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U5a2d |
I-S21204 |
| I0012 | 5715-5569 calBCE (6734±30 BP, Ua-51722) | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U2e1 |
I-L596 |
| I0014 | 5885-5624 calBCE (6842±68 BP, Ua-42118) | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | F | U5a2d |
|
| I0017 | 5722 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U2e1 |
I2a1b |
| I1579 | 6221 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a-a |
|
| I1581 | 6386 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | U3b7 |
|
| I1580 | 6381 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | H5* |
|
| I1585 | 6217 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | J/J1c |
|
| I1583 | 6424 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a2e |
G-FGC2315 |
| I0727 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a2 |
G-L140 |
| I0724 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a4 |
I-L596 |
| I0854 | 6228 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I0723 | 6008 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | X2m2 |
G-PF3148 |
| I0725 | 6400-5600 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | F | N1a1a1 |
|
| I0726 | 6400-5600 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | F | H or H5-a |
|
| I0723 | 6008 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | X2m2 |
G-PF3148 |
| I0724 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a4 |
I-L596 |
| I0727 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a2 |
G-L140 |
| I1580 | 6381 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | H5* |
|
| I1581 | 6386 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | U3b7 |
|
| I1585 | 6217 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | J/J1c |
|
| I1579 | 6221 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a-a |
|
| I0854 | 6228 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I1583 | 6424 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a2e |
G-FGC2315 |
| I0736 | 6500-6200 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I1100 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a or K1a6 |
|
| I1102 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a3a |
C-PH428 |
| I1099 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | T2b |
G-FGC2315 |
| I1103 | 6500-6200 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1b1b1 |
G-Z6128 |
| I1101 | 6500-6200 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | T2b |
H-P96 |
| I1097 | 6420-6245 calBCE (7475±30 BP, PSUAMS-2297) | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | W1 |
G-Z6885 |
| I0744 | 6400-6239 calBCE (7455±30 BP, PSUAMS-2299) | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | J1c* |
G-Z6885 |
| I1096 | 6500-6200 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | N1a1a1 |
I-L596 |
| I1098 | 6419 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | X2d* |
|
| I0708 | 6224-6074 calBCE (7285±30 BP, PSUAMS-2103) | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | N1b1a* |
J-Z43590 |
| I0745 | 6387-6111 calBCE (7405±30 BP, PSUAMS-2105) | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | U8b1b1* |
H-SK1180 |
| I0746 | 6070-5888 calBCE (7110±50 BP, Poz-82177) | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a1* |
G-CTS5990 |
| I0707 | 6225 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a4* |
|
| I0709 | 6223 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | U3 |
H-BY102409 |
Chapter IV
AI-Generated Summary
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