Research Publication
Genetic history of East-Central Europe in the first millennium CE
Stolarek I, Zenczak M, Handschuh L et al.
37488661
PubMed ID
11
Authors
07/24/2023
Published
290
Samples
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Background: The appearance of Slavs in East-Central Europe has been the subject of an over 200-year debate driven by two conflicting hypotheses. The first assumes that Slavs came to the territory of contemporary Poland no earlier than the sixth century CE; the second postulates that they already inhabited this region in the Iron Age (IA). Testing either hypothesis is not trivial given that cremation of the dead was the prevailing custom in Central Europe from the late Bronze Age until the Middle Ages (MA).
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
290 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
290 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCA0299 | 1000 CE | Poland | Groszowice (Opole Province, Opole, Opole) | M | K1a |
|
| PCA0300 | 1000 CE | Poland | Groszowice (Opole Province, Opole, Opole) | M | H2a5b |
|
| PCA0550 | 1000 CE | Poland | Balczewo (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Inowrocław) | M | U2e1b1 |
L1029 |
| PCA0551 | 1000 CE | Poland | Balczewo (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Inowrocław) | M | T2b13 |
L1029 |
| PCA0301 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | U | H1c |
|
| PCA0302 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | M | T1a1c |
L1280 |
| PCA0305 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | M | U4a2b |
|
| PCA0306 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | M | |
Z16659 |
| PCA0308 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | M | H6a1a |
|
| PCA0309 | 1000 CE | Poland | Końskie (Świętokrzyskie Province, Końskie County, Końskie) | M | H27 |
L260 |
| PCA0350 | 986 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | K1b1a |
S198 |
| PCA0351 | 1000 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | W3a1d |
S446 |
| PCA0352 | 1000 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | U8a1a1 |
M459 |
| PCA0353 | 1000 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | HV17 |
PF2210 |
| PCA0354 | 1000 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H6a1a |
YP569 |
| PCA0359 | 1000 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H13b1a |
M458 |
| PCA0368 | 1020 CE | Poland | Dziekanowice-22 (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H1a3 |
I1 |
| PCA0161 | 971 CE | Poland | Gniezno (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Gniezno) | M | K1a4j |
R-M459 |
| PCA0162 | 1000 CE | Poland | Gniezno (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Gniezno) | M | H6a1a2b1 |
R-CTS11962 |
| PCA0228 | 1000 CE | Poland | Gołuń (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Pobiedziska) | U | H1c1d |
|
| PCA0230 | 1000 CE | Poland | Gołuń (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Pobiedziska) | M | H26a1 |
L969 |
| PCA0165 | 1000 CE | Poland | Łęgowo (Greater Poland Province, Wągrowiec) | M | H1b2 |
L1029 |
| PCA0166 | 1000 CE | Poland | Łęgowo (Greater Poland Province, Wągrowiec) | M | T2b |
R-CTS11962 |
| PCA0167 | 1000 CE | Poland | Łęgowo (Greater Poland Province, Wągrowiec) | M | H1c |
R-YP1448 |
| PCA0169 | 1000 CE | Poland | Łęgowo (Greater Poland Province, Wągrowiec) | M | H1b2 |
R-YP593 |
| PCA0181 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | K1c1e |
L1029 |
| PCA0182 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | U | T2b11 |
|
| PCA0185 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | U | H1ba |
|
| PCA0186 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H13a1a1e |
L145 |
| PCA0187 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U4a2 |
L168 |
| PCA0189 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H11a1 |
R-M459 |
| PCA0191 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U5a1b1e |
R-YP5470 |
| PCA0192 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | F | T2b9 |
|
| PCA0193 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H1a1b |
S497 |
| PCA0194 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | F | H11a2a2 |
|
| PCA0197 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U5a1a1 |
M458 |
| PCA0198 | 1117 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H5e1a1 |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0199 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | U | U5a1 |
|
| PCA0200 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U8a1a1b1 |
L63 |
| PCA0201 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | U | R0a2 |
|
| PCA0202 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U5a1g1 |
CTS1211 |
| PCA0203 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H5q |
M458 |
| PCA0205 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H1a2 |
M458 |
| PCA0206 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | U | V7b |
|
| PCA0210 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | U5a2a1b |
R-FT4651 |
| PCA0211 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H79 |
S198 |
| PCA0213 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ląd (Greater Poland Province, Słupca County, Lądek) | M | H5a2 |
L1029 |
| PCA0153 | 1000 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | U | U4c1 |
|
| PCA0155 | 884 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | M | J1c |
I-Y5598 |
| PCA0156 | 884 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | M | T2a1a |
I-Y18331 |
| PCA0157 | 1000 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | F | H2b |
|
| PCA0158 | 1000 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | M | J1c |
L573 |
| PCA0159 | 884 CE | Poland | Markowice (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Mogilno County, Strzelno) | U | H1g1 |
|
| PCA0502 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | H11a1 |
L260 |
| PCA0503 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | H48 |
P310 |
| PCA0504 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | U5a1 |
|
| PCA0506 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | U | W6a |
|
| PCA0510 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | U5b1e1a |
L260 |
| PCA0512 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | F | U5a1c1 |
|
| PCA0513 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | T2b2b |
L260 |
| PCA0514 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | F | U5a1b1e |
|
| PCA0516 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | U5a1b1e |
CTS7822 |
| PCA0533 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | K1b2a2 |
L260 |
| PCA0541 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | M | T2e |
YP256 |
| PCA0543 | 1000 CE | Poland | Milicz (Lower Silesian Province, Milicz) | F | rCRS |
|
| PCA0115 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | H65 |
|
| PCA0117 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | H |
|
| PCA0119 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | T1a1j |
|
| PCA0121 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | H1c |
|
| PCA0122 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | H13 |
|
| PCA0124 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | F | T2b23 |
|
| PCA0126 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | J1b1a1e |
|
| PCA0127 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | J1c2q1 |
CTS10494 |
| PCA0130 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | V1a1 |
|
| PCA0132 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | N1a1a1a1 |
FGC12081 |
| PCA0133 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | H2a2a |
|
| PCA0137 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | F | H2a1n |
|
| PCA0138 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | H5a2 |
|
| PCA0140 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | F | T2b16 |
|
| PCA0142 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | T2b |
|
| PCA0143 | 776 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | M | H |
|
| PCA0146 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | T2b |
|
| PCA0148 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | F | V18a |
|
| PCA0150 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | H2b |
|
| PCA0151 | 900 CE | Poland | Niemcza (Lower Silesian Province, Dzierżoniów County, Niemcza) | U | H1g1 |
|
| PCA0216 | 1000 CE | Poland | Obłaczkowo (Greater Poland Province, Września) | M | T1a1b |
PF6217 |
| PCA0218 | 1000 CE | Poland | Obłaczkowo (Greater Poland Province, Września) | M | H10e |
L168 |
| PCA0222 | 1000 CE | Poland | Obłaczkowo (Greater Poland Province, Września) | M | W6a |
M458 |
| PCA0225 | 1000 CE | Poland | Obłaczkowo (Greater Poland Province, Września) | U | H2a5b |
|
| PCA0332 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | U3a |
R-YP6048 |
| PCA0333 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | T2b |
R-CTS11962 |
| PCA0334 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | U5a1b1e |
L146 |
| PCA0335 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H1c10 |
L260 |
| PCA0336 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H1b1 |
L1029 |
| PCA0337 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | T1a3a |
|
| PCA0338 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | U4a2 |
F154 |
| PCA0339 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | F | V2c |
|
| PCA0340 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | F | H11b |
|
| PCA0341 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | F | H11b1 |
|
| PCA0342 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | M | H5e1a |
CTS1211 |
| PCA0343 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | F | U4a2a |
|
| PCA0344 | 1000 CE | Poland | Ostrów Lednicki (Greater Poland Province, Gniezno, Łubowo) | F | U5 |
|
| PCA0297 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | U | H5a1q |
|
| PCA0311 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | H1e |
|
| PCA0312 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | U | T2b |
|
| PCA0313 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | U | U5a1b1e |
|
| PCA0314 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | U5a1c |
L146 |
| PCA0315 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | U | H94 |
|
| PCA0316 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | H1b5 |
M10436 |
| PCA0317 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | H5a2 |
PF6217 |
| PCA0318 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | J1c4 |
M9368 |
| PCA0319 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | F | H1c |
|
| PCA0320 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | U | H1j2 |
|
| PCA0322 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | U5b1e1 |
|
| PCA0323 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | H49 |
|
| PCA0324 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | R0 |
N-Y6075 |
| PCA0327 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | F | T2a1a |
|
| PCA0328 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | U5a1b1e |
M458 |
| PCA0329 | 1000 CE | Poland | Płońsk (Masovian Province, Płońsk) | M | T2b2b |
|
| PCA0244 | 1024 CE | Poland | Rumin (Greater Poland Province, Konin, Stare Miasto) | M | V1a1 |
M512 |
| PCA0245 | 1000 CE | Poland | Rumin (Greater Poland Province, Konin, Stare Miasto) | U | W3a1c |
|
| PCA0246 | 1000 CE | Poland | Rumin (Greater Poland Province, Konin, Stare Miasto) | M | V1a1 |
M515 |
| PCA0247 | 1000 CE | Poland | Rumin (Greater Poland Province, Konin, Stare Miasto) | M | R1a |
R-M459 |
| PCA0547 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | U | |
|
| PCA0548 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | |
CTS4230 |
| PCA0549 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | |
M467 |
| PCA0517 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | |
L260 |
| PCA0518 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | U | |
|
| PCA0520 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0521 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | |
FGC12088 |
| PCA0254 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | U4b1b1 |
R-M417 |
| PCA0255 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | H3d |
L17 |
| PCA0557 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | J1c |
L260 |
| PCA0558 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | H3d |
E-M78 |
| PCA0559 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | HV15 |
F132 |
| PCA0560 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | T2b4b |
L168 |
| PCA0562 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | J1b1a1 |
CTS1211 |
| PCA0564 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | U5a2b1 |
PF6217 |
| PCA0565 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | H36 |
CTS4154 |
| PCA0232 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | U | H5a2 |
|
| PCA0233 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | U5a2a1b |
L1280 |
| PCA0234 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | T2a1a |
Page65.2 |
| PCA0235 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | U | H13a2c1 |
|
| PCA0236 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | T2b2b |
L856 |
| PCA0238 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | U2e2a1a |
P236 |
| PCA0239 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | U |
|
| PCA0240 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | H79 |
P243 |
| PCA0241 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań-Śródka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań) | M | H1a3 |
P38 |
| PCA0552 | 869 CE | Poland | Poznań Sołacz (Pomeranian Province, Słupsk) | F | J1b1a |
|
| PCA0553 | 1000 CE | Poland | Poznań Sołacz (Pomeranian Province, Słupsk) | M | J1c4 |
PF4089 |
| PCA0554 | 978 CE | Poland | Poznań Sołacz (Pomeranian Province, Słupsk) | M | H2 |
R-L1029 |
| PCA0376 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | W3b1 |
CTS1211 |
| PCA0377 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H2a1e1a |
|
| PCA0378 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H5a1 |
L118 |
| PCA0379 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | W1e1 |
L708 |
| PCA0380 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5a1d1 |
L260 |
| PCA0381 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H15a1 |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0382 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H5e1a1 |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0383 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H14a1 |
L1029 |
| PCA0384 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U2e2a1d |
Page65.2 |
| PCA0385 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H1c3 |
ZS2268 |
| PCA0386 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H6a1a |
M458 |
| PCA0387 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5a1b1e |
M458 |
| PCA0388 | 1215 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5a1b1e |
CTS8061 |
| PCA0389 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | J2a1a1a |
Z74 |
| PCA0390 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | K1c1 |
|
| PCA0391 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | T |
L2 |
| PCA0393 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H1e |
PF6217 |
| PCA0394 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | A12 |
L1029 |
| PCA0395 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | T1a1 |
|
| PCA0396 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U2'3'4'7'8'9 |
L118 |
| PCA0397 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H |
YP256 |
| PCA0398 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H1e2 |
CTS1211 |
| PCA0399 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5a2d |
L1029 |
| PCA0400 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | J1c5a1 |
PF2211 |
| PCA0403 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H5a1a |
|
| PCA0404 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | T2a1 |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0405 | 1222 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H6a1b |
|
| PCA0406 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | U4a2a |
|
| PCA0407 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | N1a1a1a1 |
|
| PCA0408 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | T1a1'3 |
|
| PCA0410 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H66 |
|
| PCA0411 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | T2b4 |
|
| PCA0412 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H1z1 |
|
| PCA0413 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | U | H7b |
|
| PCA0414 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H1c |
|
| PCA0415 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H1 |
|
| PCA0416 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H64 |
|
| PCA0417 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5b1b1a |
CTS8868 |
| PCA0418 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | F | H28a |
|
| PCA0420 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | H1 |
|
| PCA0422 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | J1c8a1 |
S387 |
| PCA0423 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U4a2 |
PF6451 |
| PCA0424 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5b2b |
CTS3402 |
| PCA0425 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | U | H1a |
|
| PCA0426 | 1028 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | U | H4a1a1a3 |
|
| PCA0427 | 1000 CE | Poland | Santok (Lubusz Province, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Santok) | M | U5a1b1e |
YP256 |
| PCA0571 | 1000 CE | Poland | Zielonka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Murowana Goślina) | M | J1c3f |
R1 |
| PCA0572 | 948 CE | Poland | Zielonka (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Murowana Goślina) | M | U4'9 |
R-CTS11962 |
| PCA0011 | 100 CE | Poland | Gaski (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Inowrocław County, Gniewkowo) | F | H5'36 |
|
| PCA0012 | 100 CE | Poland | Gaski (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province, Inowrocław County, Gniewkowo) | F | U5a1a1 |
|
| PCA0070 | 1000 CE | Poland | Sowinki (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Mosina) | U | T2b |
|
| PCA0083 | 1000 CE | Poland | Sowinki (Greater Poland Province, Poznań, Mosina) | U | K1c1 |
|
| PCA0527 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | M | K1b2a |
L121 |
| PCA0528 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | F | T2b4 |
|
| PCA0531 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | M | T2b4 |
AM01886 |
| PCA0451 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | F | H6a1a |
|
| PCA0452 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | F | U3a1a |
|
| PCA0455 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | M | H27 |
|
| PCA0457 | 100 CE | Poland | Czarnówko (Pomeranian Province, Lębork County, Nowa Wieś Lęborska) | M | T2b |
L1029 |
| PCA0015 | 76 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H1 |
Z3441 |
| PCA0018 | 85 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H16 |
L1237 |
| PCA0026 | 52 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | T2b16 |
|
| PCA0027 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H1a |
CTS35 |
| PCA0028 | 2 BCE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | U3a1a |
|
| PCA0029 | 25 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | X2c1 |
|
| PCA0030 | 2 BCE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | H2a2b |
|
| PCA0031 | 16 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | K2a |
|
| PCA0032 | 16 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | T1a2 |
|
| PCA0034 | 76 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | U |
|
| PCA0035 | 42 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | J2b1a5 |
L118 |
| PCA0036 | 50 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | U5b1d1 |
CTS6796 |
| PCA0037 | 85 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | U |
P140 |
| PCA0038 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H1e1a |
M458 |
| PCA0040 | 85 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | I4a |
M515 |
| PCA0044 | 60 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | H5a1a |
|
| PCA0045 | 86 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | U5b1a |
|
| PCA0046 | 40 BCE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | U8a1a1b |
L118 |
| PCA0047 | 4 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | H5a1 |
|
| PCA0049 | 25 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | H1a |
|
| PCA0050 | 56 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H1e1a |
I |
| PCA0051 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | K2a |
|
| PCA0052 | 16 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | U5a1a1 |
|
| PCA0054 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | U3a1a |
|
| PCA0056 | 80 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | U | T2b6a |
|
| PCA0057 | 45 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | J1c7a |
G |
| PCA0059 | 47 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | K2a |
|
| PCA0060 | 50 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | U5b1d1 |
L1237 |
| PCA0062 | 76 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | U4a2 |
Z3441 |
| PCA0063 | 45 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H2a5 |
Z3441 |
| PCA0065 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | J2b1a5 |
L118 |
| PCA0066 | 16 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H2 |
L1237 |
| PCA0001 | 59 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | W |
G-P287 |
| PCA0002 | 100 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | M | H28a1 |
M515 |
| PCA0003 | 56 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | H5a1 |
|
| PCA0004 | 76 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | U3a1a1 |
|
| PCA0007 | 66 CE | Poland | Kowalewko (Greater Poland Province, Oborniki) | F | W1 |
|
| PCA0088 | 211 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | U3a1a |
M2012 |
| PCA0089 | 132 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | F | J1c3 |
|
| PCA0090 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | F | U3a1a |
|
| PCA0091 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | U5a1b3 |
P30 |
| PCA0092 | 133 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | H16 |
|
| PCA0093 | 328 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | T |
L80 |
| PCA0094 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | HV0f |
|
| PCA0099 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | H1cg |
|
| PCA0100 | 128 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | HV0f |
Z2040 |
| PCA0102 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | K1c1 |
L22 |
| PCA0103 | 129 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | F | H2a1a |
|
| PCA0105 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | F | U5a2a1 |
|
| PCA0109 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | K1a27 |
|
| PCA0110 | 124 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | H1ba |
Z16659 |
| PCA0111 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | N1a1a1a2 |
|
| PCA0113 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | M | V |
L283 |
| PCA0114 | 200 CE | Poland | Masłomęcz (Lublin Province, Hrubieszów County, Hrubieszów) | U | H7a1a |
|
| PCA0472 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | rCRS |
|
| PCA0473 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | U5a1b |
|
| PCA0474 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | J1c7a |
L75 |
| PCA0475 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | T2b5 |
CTS7822 |
| PCA0476 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H11a |
M520 |
| PCA0477 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | H1b1e |
|
| PCA0478 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | H1e1a |
|
| PCA0479 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | K1c1 |
AM01882 |
| PCA0480 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | N1b1b |
P109 |
| PCA0481 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | W5a1 |
P220 |
| PCA0483 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | V3c |
L118 |
| PCA0485 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H3au |
YSC0000054 |
| PCA0486 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | H6a1b4 |
|
| PCA0487 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | H6a1a |
|
| PCA0488 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | V3c |
L75 |
| PCA0489 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | U | H7a1 |
|
| PCA0490 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H1 |
CTS5082 |
| PCA0492 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H14b |
FGC3622 |
| PCA0493 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | H86 |
|
| PCA0494 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H36 |
M5675 |
| PCA0495 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H7c |
PF2210 |
| PCA0497 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | F | HV1a'b'c |
|
| PCA0498 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | U4a1 |
L118 |
| PCA0499 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | U5a1 |
PF5089 |
| PCA0500 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | K2a3 |
L121 |
| PCA0522 | 100 CE | Poland | Pruszcz Gdański (Pomeranian Province, Gdańsk, Pruszcz Gdański) | M | H1a |
CTS8868 |
Chapter IV
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.