mtDNA Haplogroup • Maternal Lineage

AA1

mtDNA Haplogroup AA1

Unknown

To be determined

14 subclades

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Chapter I

The Story

The journey of mtDNA haplogroup AA1

mtDNA haplogroup AA1 is a maternal lineage from the Phylotree reference tree. This record was auto-created to restore missing intermediate structure between existing clades. It is a subclade of AA.

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Key Points

Editorial status

Chapter II

Tree & Relationships

Phylogenetic context and subclades

Evolution Path

This haplogroup's evolutionary journey from its earliest ancestor to the present.

Steps	Haplogroup	Age Estimate	Archaeology Era	Time Passed	Immediate Descendants	Tested Modern Descendants	Ancient Connections
1	AA1 Current	—	—	—	14	828	0
2	AA	—	—	—	4	832	0
3	A	~30,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	30,000 years	4	874	192
4	N	~60,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	60,000 years	16	20,371	13
5	L3	~70,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	70,000 years	7	23,542	6
6	L3'4	—	—	—	2	23,581	0
7	L3'4'6	—	—	—	2	23,584	0
8	L2'3'4'6	—	—	—	2	24,475	0
9	L2'3'4'5'6'7	—	—	—	2	24,488	0
10	L1'2'3'4'5'6'7	—	—	—	2	24,903	0
11	L	~160,000 years ago	🦴 Paleolithic	160,000 years	2	25,205	5

Subclades (14)

~15,000 years ago

Northeastern Eurasia / Siberia

A15

~12,000 years ago

Northeast Asia / Siberia

A16

~10,000 years ago

Northeast Asia (Amur–Primorye / far-eastern Russia region)

A18

~9,000 years ago

Northeast Asia (Amur–Siberian region)

~16,000 years ago 14

Beringia / North-East Asia

A21

~18,000 years ago

Northeast / East Asia

A22

~15,000 years ago

East / Southeast Asia

A24

~7,000 years ago

East Asia / Southeast Asia

A25

~8,000 years ago

East / Southeast Asia

Northeast Asia / Siberia

Siblings (3)

Other branches from the same parent haplogroup

A11 A3 A7

Chapter III

Where in the World

Geographic distribution and modern presence

Place of Origin

To be determined

Modern Distribution

The populations where mtDNA haplogroup AA1 is found require further characterization through genetic studies.

CHAPTER IV

When in Time

Your haplogroup in the context of human history

~10k years ago

Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture begins, settled communities form

~5k years ago

Bronze Age

Metalworking, writing, and early civilizations

~3k years ago

Iron Age

Iron tools, expanded trade networks

~2k years ago

Classical Antiquity

Greek and Roman civilizations flourish

Present

Present Day

Modern era

Present

Haplogroup AA1

Your mtDNA haplogroup emerged in To be determined

To be determined

Your Haplogroup

Historical Era

Chapter IV-B

Linked Cultures

Ancient cultures associated with mtDNA haplogroup AA1

Cultural Heritage

These ancient cultures have been linked to haplogroup AA1 based on matching ancient DNA samples from archaeological excavations. The presence of this haplogroup in these cultures provides insights into the migrations and population movements of populations carrying this haplogroup.

Angara River Culture Kitoi Kuenga Culture Lokomotiv Culture Ob River Culture Russia_AltaiKrai_Eneolithic Russia_Irkutsk_Eneolithic_BA Ulgii Culture Ust-Ida Culture Wuzhuangguoliang Culture Yenisei Culture

Culture assignments are based on archaeological context of ancient DNA samples and may represent regional associations during specific time periods.

Chapter V

Sample Catalog

34 direct carriers and 9 subclade carriers of haplogroup AA1

43 / 43 samples

Sample	Country	Era	Date	Culture	mtDNA	Match
IMA007	Russia	Xiongnu Period Buryatia, Russia	46 calBCE - 73 calCE (2000±20 BP, PSUAMS-10309)	Xiongnu Buryat	`A-a1`	Direct
DA87	Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan Kimak	605 CE - 775 CE	Kimak	`A-a1`	Direct
DA87	Kazakhstan	Medieval Turkic Tribes	605 CE - 775 CE		`A-a1`	Direct
I12117	Kazakhstan	Karluk Culture 1, Kazakhstan	750 CE - 950 CE	Karluk Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
I12117	Kazakhstan	Medieval Turkic Tribes	750 CE - 950 CE		`A-a1`	Direct
DA13	Kazakhstan	Saka Culture in Kazakhstan	767 BCE - 422 BCE	Saka	`A-a1`	Direct
DA13	Kazakhstan	The Scythian and Saka Cultures	767 BCE - 422 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
DA141	Russia	Russia Sarmatian	800 BCE - 100 CE	Sarmatian	`A-a1`	Direct
DA136	Russia	Russia Sarmatian	800 BCE - 100 CE	Sarmatian	`A-a1`	Direct
DA141	Russia	The Sarmatian Culture	800 BCE - 100 CE		`A-a1`	Direct
DA136	Russia	The Sarmatian Culture	800 BCE - 100 CE		`A-a1`	Direct
I12113	Kazakhstan	Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan	886 CE - 979 CE	Karakhanid	`A-a1`	Direct
I12113	Kazakhstan	Medieval Kazakhstan	886 CE - 979 CE		`A-a1`	Direct
I13221	Pakistan	The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan	1000-800 BCE	Loebanr Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
I13505	Mongolia	Late Bronze Age Center West 4, Mongolia	1124-939 calBCE (2875±20 BP, UCIAMS-226557, PSUG-5472)	Center West 4	`A-a1`	Direct
ARS007	Mongolia	Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia	1389-1054 calBCE (2991±48 BP, A-)	Khovsgol Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
RISE497	Russia	Russia Karasuk	1400 BCE - 900 BCE	Karasuk Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
RISE497	Russia	The Karasuk Culture	1400 BCE - 900 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
ARS016	Mongolia	Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia	1539-1291 calBCE (3174±53 BP, A-)	Khovsgol Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
ZPL001	Russia	Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia	2200-1775 calBCE (3921±70 BP)	Lena River Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
I6361	Mongolia	Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1	2619 BCE - 2474 BCE	Ulgii Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
I6361	Mongolia	Early Bronze Age Mongolia	2619 BCE - 2474 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
BZK002	Russia	Early Bronze Age Tenisei, Siberia, Russia	2879-2633 calBCE (4161±22 BP)	Tenisei Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
RISE680	Russia	Russia BA Okunevo	2900 BCE - 1800 BCE	Okunevo Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
RISE680	Russia	The Okunevo Culture	2900 BCE - 1800 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
I13180	Mongolia	Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1	3012 BCE - 2875 BCE	Ulgii Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
I13180	Mongolia	Early Bronze Age Mongolia	3012 BCE - 2875 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
S95	China	Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China	3400 BCE - 2800 BCE	Wuzhuangguoliang Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
S95	China	Neolithic China	3400 BCE - 2800 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
DA344	Russia	Late Neolithic Ust-Ida, Russia	3945 BCE - 3373 BCE	Ust-Ida Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
DA344	Russia	Late Neolithic Cis-Baikal, Siberia	3945 BCE - 3373 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
brn001	Russia	Neolithic Kuenga River 1, Russia	5474 BCE - 5312 BCE	Kuenga Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
DA357	Russia	Eneolithic Lokomotiv, Russia	5981 BCE - 5723 BCE	Lokomotiv Culture	`A-a1`	Direct
DA357	Russia	Early Neolithic Cis-Baikal, Siberia	5981 BCE - 5723 BCE		`A-a1`	Direct
scy011	Ukraine	Scythian Culture, Ukraine	356 BCE - 57 BCE	Scythian Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream
scy011	Ukraine	The Scythian Culture	356 BCE - 57 BCE		`A-a1b3*`	Downstream
TAL004	Kazakhstan	Early Iron Age Tasmola Culture, Kazakhstan	802 BCE - 543 BCE	Tasmola Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream
KPT004	Russia	Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia	1891-1757 calBCE (3728±20 BP)	Lena River Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream
RISE674	Russia	Russia BA Okunevo	2284 BCE - 1972 BCE	Okunevo Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream
RISE674	Russia	The Okunevo Culture	2284 BCE - 1972 BCE		`A-a1b3*`	Downstream
irk025	Russia	The Angara River Broze Age Culture of Russia	2476 BCE - 2293 BCE	Angara River Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream
irk025	Russia	Early Bronze Age Cis-Baikal, Siberia	2476 BCE - 2293 BCE		`A-a1b3*`	Downstream
irk040	Russia	Neolithic Angara River, Russia	3705 BCE - 3528 BCE	Angara River Culture	`A-a1b3`	Downstream

IMA007

Xiongnu Period Buryatia, Russia - Russia - Buryatia. Il'movaya Pad

Russia Xiongnu Period Buryatia, Russia 46 calBCE - 73 calCE (2000±20 BP, PSUAMS-10309)

A-a1 Direct

DA87

Kimak Period Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan - Tian Shan. Central Steppe

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kimak 605 CE - 775 CE

A-a1 Direct

DA87

Kazakhstan Medieval Turkic Tribes 605 CE - 775 CE

A-a1 Direct

I12117

Karluk Culture 1, Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan - Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty

Kazakhstan Karluk Culture 1, Kazakhstan 750 CE - 950 CE

A-a1 Direct

I12117

Kazakhstan Medieval Turkic Tribes 750 CE - 950 CE

A-a1 Direct

DA13

Saka Culture in Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan - Tian Shan. Central Steppe

Kazakhstan Saka Culture in Kazakhstan 767 BCE - 422 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA13

Kazakhstan The Scythian and Saka Cultures 767 BCE - 422 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA141

Sarmatian Culture, Russia - Russia - Caspian steppe

Russia Russia Sarmatian 800 BCE - 100 CE

A-a1 Direct

DA136

Sarmatian Culture, Russia - Russia - Caspian steppe

Russia Russia Sarmatian 800 BCE - 100 CE

A-a1 Direct

DA141

Russia The Sarmatian Culture 800 BCE - 100 CE

A-a1 Direct

DA136

Russia The Sarmatian Culture 800 BCE - 100 CE

A-a1 Direct

I12113

Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan - Tian Shan. Central Steppe. Butakty

Kazakhstan Karakhanid Period Kazakhstan 886 CE - 979 CE

A-a1 Direct

I12113

Kazakhstan Medieval Kazakhstan 886 CE - 979 CE

A-a1 Direct

I13221

The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan - Pakistan - Swat Valley. Loebanr

Pakistan The Loebanr Iron Age Culture of Pakistan 1000-800 BCE

A-a1 Direct

I13505

Late Bronze Age Center West 4, Mongolia - Mongolia - Bayankongor aimag. Erdenetsogt sum

Mongolia Late Bronze Age Center West 4, Mongolia 1124-939 calBCE (2875±20 BP, UCIAMS-226557, PSUG-5472)

A-a1 Direct

ARS007

Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia - Mongolia - Khovsgol aimag. Arbulag sorum

Mongolia Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia 1389-1054 calBCE (2991±48 BP, A-)

A-a1 Direct

RISE497

Karasuk Culture, Russia - Russia - Arban 1

Russia Russia Karasuk 1400 BCE - 900 BCE

A-a1 Direct

RISE497

Russia The Karasuk Culture 1400 BCE - 900 BCE

A-a1 Direct

ARS016

Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia - Mongolia - Khovsgol aimag. Arbulag sorum

Mongolia Late Bronze Age Khovsgol 6, Mongolia 1539-1291 calBCE (3174±53 BP, A-)

A-a1 Direct

ZPL001

Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia - Russia - Siberia. Upper Lena river. Zapleskino

Russia Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia 2200-1775 calBCE (3921±70 BP)

A-a1 Direct

I6361

Early Bronze Age Ulgii 1, Mongolia - Mongolia - Bayan-Ulgii aimag. Ulaankhus sum. Kurgak govi barrow 2 secondary burial

Mongolia Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1 2619 BCE - 2474 BCE

A-a1 Direct

I6361

Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1 dup.I6361 - Bayan-Ulgii aimag. Ulaankhus sum. Kurgak govi barrow 2 secondary burial

Mongolia Early Bronze Age Mongolia 2619 BCE - 2474 BCE

A-a1 Direct

BZK002

Early Bronze Age Tenisei, Siberia, Russia - Russia - Siberia. Yenisei river. Bazaikha

Russia Early Bronze Age Tenisei, Siberia, Russia 2879-2633 calBCE (4161±22 BP)

A-a1 Direct

RISE680

Bronze Age Okunevo Culture, Russia - Russia - Khakassia. Ust'-Abakan. Uybat V

Russia Russia BA Okunevo 2900 BCE - 1800 BCE

A-a1 Direct

RISE680

Russia The Okunevo Culture 2900 BCE - 1800 BCE

A-a1 Direct

I13180

Early Bronze Age Ulgii 1, Mongolia - Mongolia - Bayan-Ulgii aimag. Ulaankhus sum. Kumdii govi barrow. burial 2

Mongolia Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1 3012 BCE - 2875 BCE

A-a1 Direct

I13180

Mongolia EBA Ulgii 1 dup.I13180 - Bayan-Ulgii aimag. Ulaankhus sum. Kumdii govi barrow. burial 2

Mongolia Early Bronze Age Mongolia 3012 BCE - 2875 BCE

A-a1 Direct

S95

Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China - China - Shaanxi. Wuzhuangguoliang

China Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic Wuzhuangguoliang, China 3400 BCE - 2800 BCE

A-a1 Direct

S95

China Neolithic China 3400 BCE - 2800 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA344

Late Neolithic Ust-Ida, Russia - Russia - Ust'-Ida

Russia Late Neolithic Ust-Ida, Russia 3945 BCE - 3373 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA344

Russia Late Neolithic Cis-Baikal, Siberia 3945 BCE - 3373 BCE

A-a1 Direct

brn001

Neolithic Kuenga River 1, Russia - Russia - Siberian Federal District. Trans-Baikal. Kuenga River. Izvestkovaja-1 site

Russia Neolithic Kuenga River 1, Russia 5474 BCE - 5312 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA357

Eneolithic Lokomotiv, Russia - Russia - Lokomotiv

Russia Eneolithic Lokomotiv, Russia 5981 BCE - 5723 BCE

A-a1 Direct

DA357

Russia Early Neolithic Cis-Baikal, Siberia 5981 BCE - 5723 BCE

A-a1 Direct

scy011

Scythian Culture, Ukraine - Ukraine - Cherkasy Region. Mankivsky District. Nesterivka

Ukraine Scythian Culture, Ukraine 356 BCE - 57 BCE

A-a1b3 Downstream

scy011

Ukraine The Scythian Culture 356 BCE - 57 BCE

A-a1b3* Downstream

TAL004

Early Iron Age Tasmola Culture, Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan - Central Kazakhstan. Nurken Village. Taldy II. mound 5

Kazakhstan Early Iron Age Tasmola Culture, Kazakhstan 802 BCE - 543 BCE

A-a1b3 Downstream

KPT004

Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia - Russia - Siberia. Upper Lena river. Khaptsagai

Russia Early Bronze Age Lena River, Siberia, Russia 1891-1757 calBCE (3728±20 BP)

A-a1b3 Downstream

RISE674

Bronze Age Okunevo Culture, Russia - Russia - Verkhni Askiz

Russia Russia BA Okunevo 2284 BCE - 1972 BCE

A-a1b3 Downstream

RISE674

Russia The Okunevo Culture 2284 BCE - 1972 BCE

A-a1b3* Downstream

irk025

The Angara River Broze Age Culture of Russia - Russia - Siberian Federal District. Cis-Baikal. Angara River. Sukhaja Pad' Buret' site

Russia The Angara River Broze Age Culture of Russia 2476 BCE - 2293 BCE

A-a1b3 Downstream

irk025

Russia Early Bronze Age Cis-Baikal, Siberia 2476 BCE - 2293 BCE

A-a1b3* Downstream

irk040

Neolithic Angara River, Russia - Russia - Siberian Federal District. Cis-Baikal. Angara River. Gorodische N 1

Russia Neolithic Angara River, Russia 3705 BCE - 3528 BCE

A-a1b3 Downstream

Chapter VI

Carrier Distribution Map

Geographic distribution of 43 ancient DNA samples (direct and subclade carriers of AA1)

Direct carrier Subclade carrier

All Time Periods

Showing all samples

Chapter VII

Temporal Distribution

Distribution of carriers across archaeological periods

Chapter VIII

Geographic Distribution

Distribution by country of origin (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Chapter IX

Country × Era Distribution

Cross-tabulation of carrier countries and archaeological periods (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Data

Data & Provenance

Source information and data quality

Last Updated 2026-06-14

Confidence Score 50/100

Coverage Low

Data Source

We use the latest phylotree for MTDNA haplogroup classification and data.