POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans
Raghavan M, Steinrücken M, Harris K et al.
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.
Ancient DNA Samples
57 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yaghan890 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | M | D4h3a |
Q-L53 |
| Yaghan894 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | F | D4h3a |
|
| Yaghan895 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | F | C1b |
|
| MA572 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| MA575 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | M | C1b |
|
| MA577 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | M | D1g5 |
Q-M902 |
| Yaghan895 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | F | C1b |
|
| Yaghan894 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | F | D4h3a |
|
| Yaghan890 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Beagle Channel. Tierra del Fuego | M | D4h3a |
Q-L53 |
| MA572 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| MA575 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | M | C1b |
|
| MA577 | 1800 CE | Argentina | Tierra del Fuego. Strait of Magellan | M | D1g5 |
Q-M902 |
| Enoque65 | 1681 BCE | Brazil | Toca do Enoque Cave. Serra da Capivara. Piaui | M | A2e |
Q-CTS11969 |
| Enoque65 | 1681 BCE | Brazil | Toca do Enoque Cave. Serra da Capivara. Piaui | M | A2e |
Q-CTS11969 |
| MARC1492 | 1231 CE | Canada | Old Mission Point. Restigouche River. Atholville. prehistory Tjigog. New Brunswick | M | A2-a |
|
| XVII-B-939 | 4678 BCE | Canada | Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound | M | D4h3a7 |
|
| XVII-B-939 | 4678 BCE | Canada | Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound | M | D4h3a7 |
|
| MARC1492 | 1231 CE | Canada | Old Mission Point. Restigouche River. Atholville. prehistory Tjigog. New Brunswick | M | A2-a |
|
| Tsimshian | 2000 CE | Canada | M | |
|
|
| AM71 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| Chinchorroi15 | 4354 BCE | Chile | Arica. Maderas. Enco C2 | M | A2 |
CT-M168 |
| AM66 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | M | D4h3a |
P-M45 |
| AM72 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| AM73 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D1g |
|
| AM74 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | M | D4h3a |
Q-L54 |
| Chinchorroi15 | 4354 BCE | Chile | Arica. Maderas. Enco C2 | M | A2 |
CT-M168 |
| AM72 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| AM74 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | M | D4h3a |
Q-L54 |
| AM71 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D4h3a |
|
| AM66 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | M | D4h3a |
P-M45 |
| AM73 | 1800 CE | Chile | Strait of Magellan | F | D1g |
|
| BC23 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
|
| BC25 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | CZ |
|
| BC27 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
Q-L53 |
| BC28 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | C1c1 |
P-M45 |
| BC29 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | CZ |
Q-CTS10359 |
| BC30 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
Q-CTS10359 |
| MOM6 | 4000 BCE | Mexico | Sierra Tarahumara | M | C1b |
Q-CTS10359 |
| HU103 | 2000 CE | Mexico | F | |
|
|
| BC27 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
Q-L53 |
| BC23 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
|
| BC28 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | C1c1 |
P-M45 |
| BC25 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | CZ |
|
| BC30 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | B2g1 |
Q-CTS10359 |
| BC29 | 1200 CE | Mexico | Piedra Gorda. Las Palmas culture | M | CZ |
Q-CTS10359 |
| MOM6 | 4000 BCE | Mexico | Sierra Tarahumara | M | C1b |
Q-CTS10359 |
| F9 | 4000 BCE | Mexico | Sierra Tarahumara | M | C |
CT-M168 |
| TA6 | 2000 CE | Peru | M | |
|
|
| MA1 | 22621 BCE | Russia | Mal'ta | M | |
R-M207 |
| AfontovaGora2 | 15001 BCE | Russia | Afontova Gora | M | |
Q-NGQ11 |
| AfontovaGora2 | 15001 BCE | Russia | Afontova Gora | M | |
Q-NGQ11 |
| MA1 | 22621 BCE | Russia | Mal'ta | M | |
R-M207 |
| Bur1 | 2000 CE | Russia | Siberia | M | |
|
| Bur2 | 2000 CE | Russia | Siberia | M | |
|
| Kor1 | 2000 CE | Russia | Siberia | F | |
|
| Kor2 | 2000 CE | Russia | Voyampolka | M | |
|
| Y2040 | 2000 CE | Venezuela | M | |
|
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
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