The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia
McColl H, Racimo F, Vinner L et al.
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated. Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats. Some argue that agricultural development was indigenous; others favor the "two-layer" hypothesis that posits a southward expansion of farmers giving rise to present-day Southeast Asian genetic diversity. By sequencing 26 ancient human genomes (25 from SEA, 1 Japanese Jōmon), we show that neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam. Our results help resolve one of the long-standing controversies in Southeast Asian prehistory.
Ancient DNA Samples
37 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In661 | 30 CE | Indonesia | Sumatra. Northwest Aceh. Loyang Ujung Cave | F | F1a1a |
|
| In662 | 353 BCE | Indonesia | Sumatra. Northwest Aceh. Loyang Ujung Cave | M | M20 |
O-F2028 |
| IK002 | 897 BCE | Japan | Honshu. Central Aichi. Ikawazu | F | N9b1 |
|
| IK002 | 897 BCE | Japan | Honshu. Central Aichi. Ikawazu | F | N9b1 |
|
| La727 | 459 BCE | Laos | Northeast Huapan. Tam Hang | F | N9a6 |
|
| La364 | 1125 BCE | Laos | Northeast Huapan. Tam Pa Ping | M | F1a1a1 |
O-B426 |
| La368 | 6012 BCE | Laos | Northern Bolikhamsay. Pha Faen | M | M5 |
C-K150 |
| La898 | 8000 BCE | Laos | Northeast Huapan. Tam Hang | M | N9a6 |
O-F2028 |
| Ma912 | 744 BCE | Malaysia | West Peninsular Kelantan. Gua Cha Cave | M | M13c |
O-FGC29900 |
| Ma555 | 1505 CE | Malaysia | Northeast Borneo. Sabah. Kinabatagan | M | B4b1a2 |
O-M209 |
| Ma554 | 1448 CE | Malaysia | Northeast Borneo. Sabah. Supu Hujung4 | M | F3b1a-a |
O-M119 |
| Ma911 | 2463 BCE | Malaysia | West Peninsular Kelantan. Gua Cha Cave | M | M21b1a |
D-M174 |
| Ma912 | 744 BCE | Malaysia | West Peninsular Kelantan. Gua Cha Cave | M | M13c |
O-FGC29900 |
| JHF05 | 2000 CE | Malaysia | West Peninsular Northern Perak | F | M21a |
|
| JHM06 | 2000 CE | Malaysia | West Peninsular Northern Perak | M | M17a |
|
| Phl534 | 84 CE | Philippines | Luzon. Northern Cagayan. Nagsabaran | F | B5b1a |
|
| Th519 | 236 CE | Thailand | Northern Mae Hong Son. Long Long Rak | M | B5a1d |
N-F1173 |
| Th521 | 215 CE | Thailand | Northern Mae Hong Son. Long Long Rak | M | F1f |
O-F2028 |
| Th530 | 238 CE | Thailand | Northern Mae Hong Son. Long Long Rak | M | G2b1a |
N-F1173 |
| Th531 | 259 CE | Thailand | Northern Mae Hong Son. Long Long Rak | F | G2b1a |
|
| Th519 | 236 CE | Thailand | Northern Mae Hong Son. Long Long Rak | M | B5a1d |
N-F1173 |
| Vt719 | 1641 CE | Vietnam | Northeast Quang Ninh. Hon Hai Co Tien | F | M7c2 |
|
| Vt777 | 399 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Hoa. Mai Da Dieu | F | F1a1'4 |
|
| Vt778 | 800 BCE | Vietnam | Northwest Lai Châu. Nam Tun | M | F1a1a1 |
O-F314 |
| Vt779 | 386 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | M7c1b2b |
|
| Vt781 | 389 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | F1a |
|
| Vt796 | 350 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | F1e3 |
|
| Vt808 | 391 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | M7b1a1 |
|
| Vt779 | 386 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | M7c1b2b |
|
| Vt781 | 389 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | F1a |
|
| Vt796 | 350 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | F1e3 |
|
| Vt808 | 391 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Noa. Nui Nap | F | M7b1a1 |
|
| Vt719 | 1641 CE | Vietnam | Northeast Quang Ninh. Hon Hai Co Tien | F | M7c2 |
|
| Vt880 | 2500 BCE | Vietnam | Northeast Quang Ninh. Hhon Hai Co Tien | F | F1f |
|
| Vt777 | 399 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Hoa. Mai Da Dieu | F | F1a1'4 |
|
| Vt833 | 2343 BCE | Vietnam | Northern Thanh Hoa. Mai Da Dieu | F | M20 |
|
| Vt778 | 800 BCE | Vietnam | Northwest Lai Châu. Nam Tun | M | F1a1a1 |
O-F314 |
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.
Analysis In Progress
Our analysis of this publication is currently being prepared. Please check back soon for comprehensive insights into the ancestry and genetic findings discussed in this research.