Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

Allentoft ME; Sikora M; Sjögren KG; Rasmussen S; Rasmussen M; Stenderup J; Damgaard PB; Schroeder H; Ahlström T; Vinner L; Malaspinas AS; Margaryan A; Higham T; Chivall D; Lynnerup N; Harvig L; Baron J; Della Casa P; Dąbrowski P; Duffy PR; Ebel AV; Epimakhov A; Frei K; Furmanek M; Gralak T; Gromov A; Gronkiewicz S; Grupe G; Hajdu T; Jarysz R; Khartanovich V; Khokhlov A; Kiss V; Kolář J; Kriiska A; Lasak I; Longhi C; McGlynn G; Merkevicius A; Merkyte I; Metspalu M; Mkrtchyan R; Moiseyev V; Paja L; Pálfi G; Pokutta D; Pospieszny Ł; Price TD; Saag L; Sablin M; Shishlina N; Smrčka V; Soenov VI; Szeverényi V; Tóth G; Trifanova SV; Varul L; Vicze M; Yepiskoposyan L; Zhitenev V; Orlando L; Sicheritz-Pontén T; Brunak S; Nielsen R; Kristiansen K; Willerslev E

doi:10.1038/nature14507

Research Publication

Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Sjögren KG et al.

26062507 PubMed ID

66 Authors

06/11/2015 Published

208 Samples

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Chapter I

Publication Details

Comprehensive information about this research publication

Authors 66 researchers

Publication Date 06/11/2015

Geographic Region Europe

URL https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26062507/

Authors

AM

Allentoft ME

SM

Sikora M

SK

Sjögren KG

RS

Rasmussen S

RM

Rasmussen M

SJ

Stenderup J

DP

Damgaard PB

SH

Schroeder H

AT

Ahlström T

VL

Vinner L

MA

Malaspinas AS

MA

Margaryan A

HT

Higham T

CD

Chivall D

LN

Lynnerup N

HL

Harvig L

BJ

Baron J

DC

Della Casa P

DP

Dąbrowski P

DP

Duffy PR

EA

Ebel AV

EA

Epimakhov A

FK

Frei K

FM

Furmanek M

GT

Gralak T

GA

Gromov A

GS

Gronkiewicz S

GG

Grupe G

HT

Hajdu T

JR

Jarysz R

KV

Khartanovich V

KA

Khokhlov A

KV

Kiss V

KJ

Kolář J

KA

Kriiska A

LI

Lasak I

LC

Longhi C

MG

McGlynn G

MA

Merkevicius A

MI

Merkyte I

MM

Metspalu M

MR

Mkrtchyan R

MV

Moiseyev V

PL

Paja L

PG

Pálfi G

PD

Pokutta D

PŁ

Pospieszny Ł

PT

Price TD

SL

Saag L

SM

Sablin M

SN

Shishlina N

SV

Smrčka V

SV

Soenov VI

SV

Szeverényi V

TG

Tóth G

TS

Trifanova SV

VL

Varul L

VM

Vicze M

YL

Yepiskoposyan L

ZV

Zhitenev V

OL

Orlando L

ST

Sicheritz-Pontén T

BS

Brunak S

NR

Nielsen R

KK

Kristiansen K

WE

Willerslev E

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Chapter II

Abstract

Summary of the research findings

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.

Chapter III

Ancient DNA Samples

208 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication

208 Samples

Sample ID	Date/Era	Country	Locality	Sex	mtDNA	Y-DNA
RISE396	1196 BCE	Armenia	Kapan	F	`H6b`
RISE397	1049 BCE	Armenia	Kapan	M	`T1a2e`	`R-BY3296`
RISE407	1118 BCE	Armenia	Norabak	F	`H8a1`
RISE408	1212 BCE	Armenia	Norabak	M	`I5c`	`J-L283`
RISE412	1201 BCE	Armenia	Noratus	F	`U4c1`
RISE413	1919 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`T2c1f`	`R-P297`
RISE416	1616 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`K1a17`	`E-L795`
RISE423	1407 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`T2a3`	`E-S11956`
RISE397	1049 BCE	Armenia	Kapan	M	`T1a2e`	`R-BY3296`
RISE396	1196 BCE	Armenia	Kapan	F	`H6b`
RISE407	1118 BCE	Armenia	Norabak	F	`H8a1`
RISE408	1212 BCE	Armenia	Norabak	M	`I5c`	`J-L283`
RISE412	1201 BCE	Armenia	Noratus	F	`U4c1`
RISE423	1407 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`T2a3`	`E-S11956`
RISE416	1616 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`K1a17`	`E-L795`
RISE413	1919 BCE	Armenia	Nerquin Getashen	M	`T2c1f`	`R-P297`
I4145	2282 BCE	Czech Republic	Knezeves	M	`H3`	`R-L151`
I4136	2800 BCE	Czech Republic	Knezeves	F	`U5b2c`
I5026	600 CE	Czech Republic	Brandysek	F	`H44a`
I4137	660 CE	Czech Republic	Brandysek	F	`H1af`
I4139	2500 BCE	Czech Republic	Velké Přílepy	F	`T2b`
I4130	2800 BCE	Czech Republic	Moravská Nová Ves	F	`K1b1a`
I4145	2282 BCE	Czech Republic	Knezeves	M	`H3`	`R-L151`
I4136	2800 BCE	Czech Republic	Knezeves	F	`U5b2c`
I4130	2800 BCE	Czech Republic	Moravská Nová Ves	F	`K1b1a`
I4139	2500 BCE	Czech Republic	Velké Přílepy	F	`T2b`
I4137	660 CE	Czech Republic	Brandysek	F	`H1af`
I5026	600 CE	Czech Republic	Brandysek	F	`H44a`
RISE566	2282 BCE	Czechia	Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ)	M	`H`	`R-L52`
RISE567	2800 BCE	Czechia	Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ)	F	`U5b2c`
RISE577	2500 BCE	Czechia	Velké-Přílepy (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ)	F	`T2b`
RISE568	600 CE	Czechia	Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District)	F	`H44a`
RISE569	660 CE	Czechia	Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District)	F	`H1af`
RISE586	2800 BCE	Czechia	Moravská-Nová-Ves (South Moravian Region, Břeclav District)	F	`K1b1a`
RISE21	1426 BCE	Denmark	Karlstrup	M	`N1a1a1a2`
RISE42	2193 BCE	Denmark	Marbjerg	M	`H3v-a`	`R-M198`
RISE47	1499 BCE	Denmark	Sebber skole	M	`I`	`R-M269`
RISE61	2848 BCE	Denmark	Kyndelöse	M	`J1c4`	`R-PF6162`
RISE71	2197 BCE	Denmark	Falshöj	F	`H3b`
RISE276	789 BCE	Denmark	Trundholm II	M	`T2b`	`R-P310`
RISE21	1426 BCE	Denmark	Karlstrup	M	`N1a1a1a2`
RISE47	1499 BCE	Denmark	Sebber skole	M	`I`	`R-M269`
RISE276	789 BCE	Denmark	Trundholm II	M	`T2b`	`R-P310`
RISE71	2197 BCE	Denmark	Falshöj	F	`H3b`
RISE42	2193 BCE	Denmark	Marbjerg	M	`H3v-a`	`R-M198`
RISE61	2848 BCE	Denmark	Kyndelöse	M	`J1c4`	`R-PF6162`
I4124	2459 BCE	Germany	Augsburg	F	`H46`
I4132	2500 BCE	Germany	Augsburg	M	`U5a1a1`	`R-ZZ11`
I4143	2456 BCE	Germany	Landau an der Isar	F	`H2a1e`
I4144	2573 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt	M	`K1c1`	`R-U152`
I4134	2500 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt	M	`HV-b`	`R-L51`
RISE434	2880 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	M	`U4`	`R-M417`
RISE435	2865 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	F	`J1b1a1`
RISE436	2869 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	M	`U5b1c2`	`R-M417`
RISE446	2662 BCE	Germany	Bergrheinfeld	M	`U5b1c2`	`R-M417`
RISE471	1687 BCE	Germany	Untermeitingen	M	`J1c1b`	`R-P310`
RISE562	2456 BCE	Germany	Dingolfing-Landau (Bavaria, Landau an der Isar)	F	`H2a1e`
I4144	2573 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt	M	`K1c1`	`R-U152`
RISE563	2573 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen)	M	`K1c1`	`R-U152`
RISE564	2500 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen)	M	`H-T16311C`	`R-Z704`
RISE559	2459 BCE	Germany	Augsburg (Bavaria)	F	`H46`
RISE471	1687 BCE	Germany	Untermeitingen	M	`J1c1b`	`R-P310`
RISE446	2662 BCE	Germany	Bergrheinfeld	M	`U5b1c2`	`R-M417`
RISE434	2880 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	M	`U4`	`R-M417`
RISE436	2869 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	M	`U5b1c2`	`R-M417`
RISE435	2865 BCE	Germany	Tiefbrunn	F	`J1b1a1`
I4134	2500 BCE	Germany	Osterhofen-Altenmarkt	M	`HV-b`	`R-L51`
I4143	2456 BCE	Germany	Landau an der Isar	F	`H2a1e`
I4124	2459 BCE	Germany	Augsburg	F	`H46`
I4132	2500 BCE	Germany	Augsburg	M	`U5a1a1`	`R-ZZ11`
RISE479	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	M	`T2b`	`I-S17707`
RISE480	1700 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`U5a2a`
RISE483	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`H2a1`
RISE484	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`T1a1`
RISE349	2034 BCE	Hungary	Battonya Vörös Oktober	F	`T2b3`
RISE371	2137 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	F	`U5a2b`
RISE373	1887 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	F	`K1a2a`
RISE374	1872 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	M	`T2b`	`G-FT203426`
RISE247	1743 BCE	Hungary	Százhalombatta-Földvár	M	`H11a`	`I-L1229`
RISE254	2130 BCE	Hungary	Százhalombatta-Földvár	M	`J1c9`	`I-L1286`
RISE349	2034 BCE	Hungary	Battonya Vörös Oktober	F	`T2b3`
RISE371	2137 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	F	`U5a2b`
RISE374	1872 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	M	`T2b`	`G-FT203426`
RISE373	1887 BCE	Hungary	Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca)	F	`K1a2a`
RISE484	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`T1a1`
RISE480	1700 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`U5a2a`
RISE483	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	F	`H2a1`
RISE479	2000 BCE	Hungary	Erd 4	M	`T2b`	`I-S17707`
RISE254	2130 BCE	Hungary	Százhalombatta-Földvár	M	`J1c9`	`I-L1286`
RISE247	1743 BCE	Hungary	Százhalombatta-Földvár	M	`H11a`	`I-L1229`
RISE486	2136 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`J1c1b`	`I-PF6947`
RISE487	3485 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`H2a`	`I-PF3981`
RISE489	2909 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`X2c1`	`I-PF6947`
RISE489	2909 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`X2c1`	`I-PF6947`
RISE487	3485 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`H2a`	`I-PF3981`
RISE486	2136 BCE	Italy	Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto	M	`J1c1b`	`I-PF6947`
RISE391	2126 BCE	Kazakhstan	Tanabergen II	F	`N1a1a1a1`
RISE391	2126 BCE	Kazakhstan	Tanabergen II	F	`N1a1a1a1`
RISE598	906 BCE	Lithuania	Turlojiske	M	`H2a2`	`P-P226`
RISE598	906 BCE	Lithuania	Turlojiske	M	`H2a2`	`P-P226`
I13170	800 BCE	Montenegro	Velika Gruda	F	`X1'2'3`
RISE595	1200 BCE	Montenegro	Velika Gruda	F	`U5a2`
RISE595	1200 BCE	Montenegro	Velika Gruda	F	`U5a2`
I13170	800 BCE	Montenegro	Velika Gruda	F	`X1'2'3`
RISE596	800 BCE	Montenegro	Velika Gruda	F	`X1'2'3`
RISE109	1959 BCE	Poland	Wojkowice	F	`U4`
RISE139	2137 BCE	Poland	Chociwel	M	`U2e1f1`
RISE145	2191 BCE	Poland	Polwica	F	`H6a1b`	`R-M417`
RISE150	1886 BCE	Poland	Przeclawice	F	`U5a1b1`
RISE154	1930 BCE	Poland	Szczepankowice	F	`K1a4a1`
RISE1	2866 BCE	Poland	Oblaczkowo	M	`K1b1a1`	`R-L754`
RISE431	2286 BCE	Poland	Leki Male	M	`T2e`	`R-M417`
RISE1	2866 BCE	Poland	Oblaczkowo	M	`K1b1a1`	`R-L754`
RISE431	2286 BCE	Poland	Leki Male	M	`T2e`	`R-M417`
RISE139	2137 BCE	Poland	Chociwel	M	`U2e1f1`
RISE145	2191 BCE	Poland	Polwica	F	`H6a1b`
RISE150	1886 BCE	Poland	Przeclawice	F	`U5a1b1`
RISE154	1930 BCE	Poland	Szczepankowice	F	`K1a4a1`
RISE109	1959 BCE	Poland	Wojkowice	F	`U4`
RISE507.508.merge	3323 BCE	Russia	River Kuyum	F	`U5a1a1`
I3423	393 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`D4b1a2a2`	`R-Y46`
I3425	1417 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`I4a1`	`R-PF6162`
I10565	2889 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`T2c1a2`
RISE386	2335 BCE	Russia	Bulanovo	M	`J1c1b1a`	`R-Z2124`
RISE240	2879 BCE	Russia	Sukhaya Termista I	F	`U5a1d1`
RISE600	1000 BCE	Russia	Verh-Uimon	M	`K2a5`	`Q-YP844`
RISE601	1000 BCE	Russia	Verh-Uimon	M	`M8a1*`	`Q-YP844`
RISE602	1000 BCE	Russia	Sary-Bel	M	`C4-a2*`	`J-BY114993`
RISE392	2131 BCE	Russia	Stepnoe VII Cemetery	M	`J2b1a2a`	`R-Z2124`
RISE394	1953 BCE	Russia	Bulanovo	F	`U2e1e`
RISE395	2008 BCE	Russia	Bol'shekaraganskii	F	`U2e1h1a7`
RISE493	1518 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`C4a1c`	`Q-FT414149`
RISE495	1400 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	M	`D4j1`	`R-Y73758`
RISE496	1416 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	F	`U5a1a2a`
RISE497	1400 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	F	`A-a1`
RISE499	1400 BCE	Russia	Bystrovka	F	`H5a1`
RISE500	1700 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U4d1`
RISE502	1497 BCE	Russia	Bystrovka	F	`U5a1d`
RISE503	1731 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U2e2`
RISE504	709 CE	Russia	Kytmanovo	M	`C4a1d`	`J-PH358`
RISE505	1862 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U4a1b`
RISE510	2848 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`J2a2a`
RISE511	2909 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`J2a2a`
RISE512	1488 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	M	`U2e1`	`R-Z2124`
RISE523	1531 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	F	`M12'G`
RISE524	1300 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	M	`J2b1a`	`R-M269`
RISE525	1300 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	M	`I5c`	`R-PF6162`
RISE546	3300 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`U5a1d2b`	`R-M269`
RISE547	2886 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`T2a1a`	`R-Z2106`
RISE548	3300 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`U4`	`R-M12149`
RISE550	3335 BCE	Russia	Peshany V	M	`U5a1i`	`R-M269`
RISE552	2846 BCE	Russia	Ulan V	M	`T2a1a16`	`I-S21579`
RISE553	927 BCE	Russia	Afontova Gora	M	`F1b`	`R-M198`
RISE554	1009 BCE	Russia	Afontova Gora	M	`F1b1b`	`N-MF52704`
RISE555	2853 BCE	Russia	Stalingrad Quarry	M	`N1a1a-a`	`R-Z2106`
RISE510	2848 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`J2a2a`
RISE511	2909 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`J2a2a`
RISE507.508.merge	3323 BCE	Russia	River Kuyum	F	`U5a1a1`
RISE512	1488 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	M	`U2e1`	`R-Z2124`
RISE500	1700 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U4d1`
RISE503	1731 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U2e2`
RISE505	1862 BCE	Russia	Kytmanovo	F	`U4a1b`
RISE555	2853 BCE	Russia	Stalingrad Quarry	M	`N1a1a-a`	`R-Z2106`
RISE550	3335 BCE	Russia	Peshany V	M	`U5a1i`	`R-M269`
RISE240	2879 BCE	Russia	Sukhaya Termista I	F	`U5a1d1`
RISE546	3300 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`U5a1d2b`	`R-M269`
RISE547	2886 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`T2a1a`	`R-Z2106`
RISE548	3300 BCE	Russia	Temrta IV	M	`U4`	`R-M12149`
RISE552	2846 BCE	Russia	Ulan V	M	`T2a1a16`	`I-S21579`
RISE504	709 CE	Russia	Kytmanovo	M	`C4a1d`	`J-PH358`
RISE602	1000 BCE	Russia	Sary-Bel	M	`C4-a2*`	`J-BY114993`
RISE601	1000 BCE	Russia	Verh-Uimon	M	`M8a1*`	`Q-YP844`
RISE600	1000 BCE	Russia	Verh-Uimon	M	`K2a5`	`Q-YP844`
RISE496	1416 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	F	`U5a1a2a`
RISE497	1400 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	F	`A-a1`
RISE495	1400 BCE	Russia	Arban 1	M	`D4j1`	`R-Y73758`
RISE499	1400 BCE	Russia	Bystrovka	F	`H5a1`
RISE502	1497 BCE	Russia	Bystrovka	F	`U5a1d`
RISE493	1518 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`C4a1c`	`Q-FT414149`
I3423	393 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`D4b1a2a2`	`R-Y46`
I3425	1417 BCE	Russia	Sabinka 2	M	`I4a1`	`R-PF6162`
RISE492	393 BCE	Russia	Sabinka-2 (Republic of Khakassia, Beysky District)	M	`D4b1a2a2`	`R-M417`
RISE553	927 BCE	Russia	Afontova Gora	M	`F1b`	`R-M198`
RISE554	1009 BCE	Russia	Afontova Gora	M	`F1b1b`	`N-MF52704`
RISE525	1300 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	M	`I5c`	`R-PF6162`
RISE524	1300 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	M	`J2b1a`	`R-M269`
RISE523	1531 BCE	Russia	Kapova cave	F	`M12'G`
RISE395	2008 BCE	Russia	Bol'shekaraganskii	F	`U2e1h1a7`
RISE394	1953 BCE	Russia	Bulanovo	F	`U2e1e`
RISE386	2335 BCE	Russia	Bulanovo	M	`J1c1b1a`	`R-Z2124`
RISE392	2131 BCE	Russia	Stepnoe VII Cemetery	M	`J2b1a2a`	`R-Z2124`
I10565	2889 BCE	Russia	Bateni	F	`T2c1a2`
RISE174	433 CE	Sweden	Oxie 7	M	`W1`	`R-BY29826`
RISE175	1396 BCE	Sweden	Abekås I	M	`T1a1`	`I-Y18697`
RISE179	2015 BCE	Sweden	Abekås I	M	`K1a3`	`I-M253`
RISE207	1495 BCE	Sweden	Ängamöllan	M	`J1c8a1`	`I-M253`
RISE210	1436 BCE	Sweden	Ängamöllan	F	`T2a1a`	`I-M253`
RISE94	2623 BCE	Sweden	Viby	M	`K1a2a`	`R-PF6162`
RISE97	2030 BCE	Sweden	Fredriksberg	F	`K2a5`
RISE98	2278 BCE	Sweden	L Beddinge 56	M	`K1b1a1*`	`R-Z2265`
RISE94	2623 BCE	Sweden	Viby	M	`K1a2a`	`R-PF6162`
RISE175	1396 BCE	Sweden	Abekås I	M	`T1a1`	`I-Y18697`
RISE210	1436 BCE	Sweden	Ängamöllan	F	`T2a1a`
RISE207	1495 BCE	Sweden	Ängamöllan	M	`J1c8a1`	`I-M253`
RISE174	433 CE	Sweden	Oxie 7	M	`W1`	`R-BY29826`
RISE179	2015 BCE	Sweden	Abekås I	M	`K1a3`	`I-M253`
RISE97	2030 BCE	Sweden	Fredriksberg	F	`K2a5`
RISE98	2278 BCE	Sweden	L Beddinge 56	M	`K1b1a1*`	`R-Z2265`

Chapter IV

Analysis

Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings

Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.

Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

Publication Details

Authors

Abstract

Ancient DNA Samples

Analysis

Analysis In Progress

Summary

Key Findings

Ancestry Insights

Traits Analysis

Historical Context

Scientific Assessment

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Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

Publication Details

Authors

Abstract

Ancient DNA Samples

Analysis

Analysis In Progress

Summary

Key Findings

Ancestry Insights

Traits Analysis

Historical Context

Scientific Assessment

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